110 J. J. STEVENSON CARBONIFEROUS OF APPALACHIAN BASlN 



The Homewood sandstone has become very thin, so that the Vanport 

 limestone is but 80 to 110 feet above the Upper Mercer limestone, the 

 variation being chiefly below the Brookville coal. The Vanport, so im- 

 portant in western Pennsylvania, quickly becomes uncertain in Ohio, 

 though its horizon is recognizable at many places by means of calcareous 

 sandstone or shale or even impure limestone ; but its office as stratigraph- 

 ical guide is performed by a new limestone, the Putnam Hill of Andrews, 

 Gray of Newberry, which makes its appearance at Youngstown, 9 miles 

 west from the state line, where it is 2 feet 7 inches thick. This, imme- 

 diately overlying the Brookville coal bed, is from 15 to 50, but ordinarily 

 about 30 feet below the place of the Vanport. In southern Mahoning 

 Professor Orton found the Lower Kittanning at 48 feet above the Vanport 

 limestone, which is represented by "chip slate, calcareous nodules, and 

 cone-in-cone," the last being a characteristic feature of the bed wherever 

 degenerate in western Pennsylvania. Here it overlies the Scrubgrass 

 (locally Canfield) coal bed, which is double throughout this area, the 

 upper division often cannel. It is about 150 feet below the Upper Free- 

 port, or White limestone of Newberry.* 



Columbiana county is south from Mahoning. A boring at Leetonia, 

 2 or 3 miles south from the Mahoning line, shows the Lower Kittanning 

 (locally Leetonia) coal bed at 47 feet above the Scrubgrass (Upper 

 Clarion). The Clarion coal bed is at 28 feet lower and 11 feet 6 inches 

 above the Putnam Hill limestone. The Lower Freeport coal bed, with its 

 underlying limestone, is in the Leetonia hills at 75 feet above the Lower 

 Kittanning, and the Freeport sandstone occupies most of the interval. 

 The section is very like that at Lowellville, except that the Vanport lime- 

 stone has disappeared. At New Lisbon, 6 or 8 miles farther south, the 

 top of the Allegheny is reached and the Vanport limestone reappears ; the 

 intervals are: 



Feet. Inches 



Upper Freeport 3 4 



Interval 22 



Lower Freeport 1 



Interval 87 



Middle Kittanning 8 



Interval 12 



Lower Kittanning 1 4 



Interval 40 



Vanport limestone 3 



Scrubgrass and parting 9 



* J. S. Newberry : Ohio Survey, vol. iii, p. 803. 

 I. C. White: Pennsylvania report (Q Q), pp. 219, 222. 

 E. Orton : Ohio Survey, vol. v, pp. 20, 31, 33. 



