ALLEGHENY FORMATION IN OHIO 113 



The Putnam Hill and Brookville coal are termed the "Upper limestone 

 and coal." The coal has been mined at many places; it is best in the 

 northern part, but deteriorates in quality toward the center of the county, 

 sulphur and ash increasing; toward the south it becomes variable in thick- 

 ness as well as quality, 1 to 7 feet; sometimes cannel, at others slaty; at 

 times caking, at others open-burning coal. Professor Orton recognizes 

 the Vanport in eastern Stark where a calcareous sandstone is at 30 feet 

 above the Putnam Hill. There the Lower and Middle Kittanning are 

 only 15 to 18 feet apart. A thin coal, marking the Clarion horizon, is 

 seen occasionally above between the Putnam Hill and Lower Kittanning. 

 The Lower Kittanning, usually thin but attaining 4 feet in the eastern 

 part of the county, is accompanied by its clay and is as truly the "clay 

 vein" here as on the Ohio river. The roof is black shale with iron ore. 

 The Middle Kittanning, usually about 50 feet above the Lower, is 4 to 6 

 feet thick in the southern part of the county, but is thinner toward the 

 north, where it becomes unimportant. The Upper Kittanning is evi- 

 dently absent and the Lower Freeport is a mere blossom. The Upper 

 Freeport is unimportant, but it is accompanied by the overlying ore which 

 marks the horizon in several counties south and east from Stark. Pro- 

 fessor Orton discovered the Freeport limestones in eastern Stark, but 

 elsewhere they were not found. The sandstones are very irregular; 

 occasionally they appear in the Freeport and Kittanning intervals, but 

 the change into shale is abrupt.* 



Carroll is between Stark and Tuscarawas at the west and Columbiana 

 and Jefferson at the east. The Freeport coals, both thin, have been 

 opened in the northwest townships, and the upper bed is accompanied by 

 its underlying limestone and overlying ore. Eastward the Upper Free- 

 port becomes important ; it can be followed from Yellow creek, in Colum- 

 biana county, somewhat decreased in thickness, but in the southern part 

 of the county it is often 4 feet 6 inches and yields good coal. The chief 

 drawback is the frequency with which it is cut out by the overlying 

 sandstone, and these "wants" are so common in some areas that mining 

 operations have been abandoned. The Lower Freeport is persistent, but 

 usually too thin to be utilized. It is rarely more than 30 feet below the 

 Upper. The LTpper Freeport limestone is present at almost all localities 

 where its place is exposed, f 



Harrison county is south from Carroll and east from Tuscarawas. The 

 section reaches to the Lower Freeport, but that and the Upper Freeport 



* J. S. Newberry : Vol. iii, pp. 155, 168-169, 170, 171-176. 



E. Orton : Vol. v, pp. 66, 70-72. 

 t E. Orton : Vol. v, pp. 72-73, 77-78, 246-247, 254-255. 



XI — Bull. Geol. Soc. Am., Vol. 17. 1905 



