120 J. J. STEVENSON CARBONIFEROUS OF APPALACHIAN BASIN 



at the Vanport horizon. The Middle Kittanning is thoroughly persist- 

 ent, though not always of workable thickness. It attains its chief im- 

 portance along a narrow space southward from Zanesville to the Perry 

 line, but eastward it becomes unimportant. It has the features already 

 mentioned, but occasionally becomes triple. The Lower Freeport is re- 

 ported as a blossom, but it is not always present, as sandstone often fills 

 nearly the whole interval to the Upper Freeport. The Upper Freeport 

 limestone is shown in many sections. The Upper Freeport coal, like the 

 beds below, is good in the strip extending southward from Zanesville, 

 where it is known as the Alexander coal and is about 4 feet thick, yield- 

 ing a coal low in ash, though rather high in sulphur. Elsewhere for the 

 most part it is very thin, though near the Guernsey border it sometimes 

 is 3 feet. Everywhere it is somewhat uncertain ; frequently the clay and 

 limestone are present without any trace of coal ; in others it is in patches, 

 having been removed from intervening spaces during deposit of the over- 

 lying sandstone.* 



Southward from Muskingum one enters Perry county and passes into 

 the Hocking Valley coal field, embracing portions of Perry, Hocking, 

 and Athens counties. This region was studied first by Professor An- 

 drews, afterward by Mr Eead, and finally the whole work was revised 

 by Professor Orton. 



Passing out of Muskingum county at Eoseville, one soon reaches 

 McLuney, in Perry, where the Upper Freeport is at 107 feet above the 

 Middle Kittanning and is accompanied by the blackband ore which has 

 been missing for nearly 50 miles, as the outcrop in the intervening space 

 is too far east to catch it. Professor Orton observed long ago that the 

 blackband is only on the border of the field, associated with thin coal, 

 while toward the interior of the field the blackband diminished and the 

 coal became thicker. Here the ore and coal are but 3 feet. At New 

 Lexington, 8 or 9 miles southwest and beyond the final outcrop of the 

 Upper Freeport, both Kittannings are mined and are from 20 to 30 feet 

 apart, as in southern Muskingum. The Putnam Hill limestone is pres- 

 ent here, limestone and flint, with the Clarion coal bed at 10 to 15 feet 

 above it; but southward it changes and soon becomes worthless as a 

 stratigraphical guide, its office in that respect being taken by the 

 "Baird ore/' 15 to 30 feet higher, the Ferriferous limestone of Andrews, 

 the "Limestone ore" of the southern counties, which is very near the 

 horizon of the Vanport limestone. Six miles farther south the Kittan- 

 nings are both present, but the Lower is only 1 foot thick 15 feet above 



* E. B. Andrews : Vol. i, pp. 320-321, 324-327, 330, 332, 334-335. 

 E. Orton : Vol. v, pp. 96-97, 99, 100, 878. 



