ALLEGHENY FORMATION IN WEST VIRGINIA 151 



Winfield is somewhat less. It is evident that the sandstone of the Ka- 

 nawha region is becoming replaced by shale. 



Cabell adjoins Putnam at the west and reaches to the Ohio river oppo- 

 site Lawrence county of Ohio. In the absence of surface measurements, it 

 is difficult to interpret the well records in the eastern part of the county, 

 but on the west side, at Central City, is a record directly referable to the 

 Pittsburg coal bed, which is mined in hills overlooking the river only 10 

 or 12 miles away from its outcrop on Greasy ridge, within Ohio. There 

 the Brookville horizon is marked by 10 feet of black shale ending at 680 

 feet below the Pittsburg coal bed and underlying a double sandstone in 

 all 105 feet, but divided midway by 50 feet of shale. This represents the 

 lower part of the mass at Charleston. At Greenbottom, on the Ohio near 

 the northern edge of the county, a coal bed is recorded at 832 feet above 

 the "Big Lime/' At Central City the Brookville is 630 feet and at Gal- 

 lipolis, 15 miles northwest from Greenbottom, 458 feet above that 

 limestone. The coal bed at Greenbottom must be at least 250 feet above 

 the place of the Brookville and therefore in the Conemaugh.* 



Beyond the Kanawha river the massive sandstones of the Allegheny 

 have resisted erosion, so that they cap the high hills of Avestern Fayette, 

 northwestern Baleigh, northwestern Wyoming, and probably enter 

 Buchanan county of Virginia. One should expect to find the formation 

 in Pike county of Kentucky. The rocks fall toward the northwest, and 

 the Upper Freeport (Mason) and Brookville (Stockton-Lewiston) coal 

 beds have been followed with more or less certainty across the counties 

 of Boone, Fayette, Lincoln, Wayne, Logan, and Mingo to. the Kentucky 

 line; but the relations of the coal beds are somewhat indefinite, as the 

 sandstones are variable, limestone is wanting, and the Black Flint dis- 

 appears very quickly beyond the Kanawha river. Much work has been 

 done within this area, but the section has not been carried in detail, so 

 that the more or less tentative correlations by the several observers are 

 not wholly in accord. 



Mr d'Invilliers obtained a measurement in northern Raleigh, on Marsh 

 fork of Coal river, about 25 miles southwest from the mouth of Gauley 

 river : 



Feet. Inches 



1. Coal bed 7 4 



2. Interval 51 



3. Coal bed 3 8 



4. Interval 126 



* Geology of West Virginia : Mason, vol. i, pp. 281-282 ; vol. ii, p. 412 ; Putnam, vol. ii, 

 pp. 401-402, 483 ; Cabell, vol. i, p. 275 ; vol. \a, pp. 484, 488, 490-494. 



M. R. Campbell : U. S. Geol. Survey folios, Charleston, p. 3 ; Huntingdon, p. 3. 



