162 ' J. J. STEVENSON CARBONIFEROUS OF APPALACHIAN BASIN 



mentioned, but the beds are thick in southeast Washington and portions 

 of Meigs and Gallia of Ohio and they seem to be present in Boyd of 

 Kentucky. Apparently, however, they are absent in Lawrence of that 

 state, as they are not shown in any of Professor Crandall's numerous 

 sections. Along the western outcrop in Ohio the reds of this interval are 

 wanting or very thin until one approaches the northern border in Jeffer- 

 son and Columbiana counties, where Newberry reports 50 feet. They are 

 somewhat irregular along the northern outcrop and in the first bitu- 

 minous basin are rarely seen, and when present are very thin, but they 

 are present and well marked in most of the counties west from Chestnut 

 hill. They seem to be wanting in the northeast corner of the West Vir- 

 ginia field, but are rarely wanting in the northern counties of that State. 

 Eeds of all horizons are practically absent from the first bituminous basin 

 of Pennsylvania and are insignificant in the second. 



Immediately above the Ames is another deposit, known to the Ohio 

 drillers as the "Big Bed," which may receive as a geographical designa- 

 tion the name Washington reds, its stratigraphical importance having 

 been recognized first in Washington county of Ohio. In the central area — 

 in Lewis, Gilmer, Ritchie, and central Roane of West Virginia — the mass 

 is thick, at times apparently continuous with the Pittsburg reds below 

 and not rarely extending upward into the Morgantown interval. Away 

 from this area, eastwardly and northwardly, it is irregular; it seems to 

 be wanting along the eastern outcrop, is indefinite northwestwardly to- 

 ward the Panhandle, but is well marked in Marion and Monongalia 

 counties, one well showing it evidently continuous with the Pittsburg 

 reds and another showing it 'extending into the Morgantown interval. 

 It is reported in one Washington County well, but elsewhere in Penn- 

 sylvania it seems to be wanting except in northern Allegheny. West from 

 the area of greatest development it is not reported in the wells of Wood 

 and Jackson, but in Pleasants, north from Wood, it is thick, while in 

 Washington of Ohio, adjoining Pleasants of West Virginia, it is 'from 

 71 to 100 feet thick; thence westwardly and southwestwardly it is thin 

 and irregular, but northwestwardly it persists into Muskingum county, 

 where it is usually thin, though 60 feet thick at one locality; thence 

 northwardly it is evidently absent. 



The interval between the Morgantown sandstone and the Pittsburg 

 coal bed frequently shows red beds, but these are extremely irregular in 

 thickness and distribution. They occur especially within the central area, 

 already referred to, where sometimes they are continuous with the Wash- 

 ington, while in many wells within Ritchie, Calhoun, Roane, and Jack- 

 son the reds of this interval are almost or altogether continuous with a 



