184 J. J. STEVENSON CARBONIFEROUS OF APPALACHIAN BASIN 



Anderson, which is due at about 370. It may be at the Barton horizon, 

 which is marked by coal at a number of places in Jefferson county of 

 Ohio. The Mahoning, almost wholly sandstone, begins at 478 and 

 continues into the Allegheny at 558 feet. Six thin red beds, in all only 

 45 feet, are recorded, the lowest being at 378 feet. Near Moundsville, 

 on the Ohio river, 10 miles south from Wheeling, a sandstone 85 feet 

 thick begins at 197 feet below the Pittsburg and ends at 282, very nearly 

 as at 3 miles southeast from Wheeling. It rests on 70 feet of red shale, 

 separating it from a sandstone 60 feet resting on coal at 437 feet, which 

 is near the Brush Creek horizon. In southern Marshall the well records 

 note only the sandstones. The Mahoning, as a sandstone, begins at 450 

 to 480 feet and ends at 526 to 532, where it can be differentiated from 

 the Allegheny beds. The Lower Freeport, in Wetzel county south from 

 Marshall, is at 575 feet below the Pittsburg. In the wells of southern 

 Marshall, as in those of . northern Wetzel, a sandstone, the Cowrun 

 (Salzburg of the records) begins at about 300 feet below the Pittsburg.* 



OHIO 



Passing over into Ohio, one finds the most northerly exposures in Co- 

 lumbiana county adjoining Beaver of Pennsylvania. At Palestine, in 

 the northern part of the county, the Brush Creek coal is at 50 feet above 

 the Upper Freeport and the Mahoning limestone is absent. At other 

 localities, according to Professor Newberry, the interval is 60 feet. This 

 is Coal 7 of the northern Ohio series, known locally as the "Groff vein." 

 Farther south, toward the border of Jefferson county, numerous sections 

 measured by Professor Newberr}^ show the interval from 58 to 52 feet, 

 with the Mahoning limestone at 3 to 8 feet below the Brush Creek coal. 

 The Lower Mahoning is "sandstone and shale" 20 to 40 feet thick. A 

 limestone, 10 feet thick, including shale, appears in some of the sections 

 at to 20 feet above the Brush Creek coal. This, cut out in many places 

 by the overlying sandstone, is black, nodular, contains many fossils, and 

 is the Brush Creek limestone of Pennsylvania. The Buffalo sandstone 

 is irregular in southern Columbiana, at times very coarse, as near Wells- 

 ville, but for the most part rather fine grained and often mere shale. 

 Sections along the Columbiana- Jefferson border reach in several instances 

 to the Ames limestone, which overlies the Pittsburg reds, 50 feet thick, 

 and is 225 to 255 feet above the Brush Creek coal bed. At Irondale the 

 interval between Ames and Brush Creek is occupied wholly by red and 



* I. C. White : Geology of West Virginia, vol. i, pp. 363, 366-367 ; vol. \a, pp. 214, 

 217, 226, 231; vol. ii, p. 241. 



