214 J. J. STEVENSON CARBONIFEROUS OF APPALACHIAN BASIN 



Along the Kanawha river the Conemaugh comes into the section at 

 2 or 3 miles below the line of Fayette county. -Near lock number 3 

 155 feet of sandstone are above the Upper Freeport, and down the river 

 coarse or pebbly sandstone appears above that bed wherever the horizon 

 is reached, but becoming less coarse toward Charleston. A small area 

 of what seems to be the Pittsburg coal bed exists below Charleston, and 

 thence to the Upper Freeport the distance according to Doctor White's 

 measurements is 643 feet. There is much massive sandstone up to 175 

 feet above the Upper Freeport, one section showing 75 feet of pebbly rock 

 just above that bed and another showing 25 feet of similar rock ending 

 at 175 feet. This condition continues for several miles, as a record at lock 

 number 6 shows continuous sandstone for 405 feet above the Brookvillc- 

 Stockton coal bed or to at least 200 feet above the place of the Upper 

 Freeport. At Charleston the upper portion of the Conemaugh has about 

 120 feet of sandstone, much of it massive. There is much red shale, one 

 bed about midway being 50 feet thick. This contains the "Two-mile" 

 limestone, yielding fresh-water crustaceans. Two other thin limestones, 

 non-fossiliferous, are here, but their relations are uncertain. Doctor 

 White suggests that the "Two-mile" limestone may be at the Ames 

 horizon. Two thin beds of impure coal appear in this section, but it is 

 difficult to correlate them. 



Mr Campbell gives the record of a boring at Winfieid, in Putnam 

 county, about 20 miles northwest from Charleston. The Conemaugh 

 has five sandstone beds in the lower 300 feet, in all 105 feet thick. The 

 Mahoning interval has a double sandstone, 10 and 35 feet, with 25 feet 

 of shale intervening. The conditions characterizing the lower Cone- 

 maugh along the eastern outcrop have practically disappeared and the 

 sandstone has been replaced largely by shale, while the sandstone which 

 does occur seems to be without pebbles. Eed shale is unimportant here, 

 there being only three beds, 45 feet in all, and those are in the middle 

 third of the formation. 



The area of the Eaymond City coal bed, taken usually to be equivalent 

 to the Pittsburg, is very small and the coal thins away in all directions. 

 Mr Campbell in working out the Huntingdon and Charleston quadrangles 

 evidently hesitated to accept the reference of the coal bed to the Pitts- 

 burg, and in view of its circumscribed area was unwilling to take it as 

 the plane of division between formations. Finding no other reason for 

 separating the green and red shales and sandstones under the place of that 

 coal from the similar rocks above it, he grouped the whole series above 

 the Charleston formation into the Braxton formation. That formation 

 in Putnam county and westward, where the upper part of the Charleston 



