FOSSILS OF THE QUINAIELT FORMATION 



465 



defined layers, 12, 22, and 36 inches in thickness, are exposed in the first 

 locality, while in the second 28-inch and 56-inch beds are said to occur. 

 The coal is a hard, glossy black lignite and is, according to Mr Campbell, 

 well adapted for gas-producer engines. 



Pliocene — Quinaielt formation. — The Pliocene has a very limited 

 development on the Otympie peninsula, only two areas of importance 

 occurring on its coasts. The more important of these is a great syncline 

 between capes Elizabeth and Greenville through the trough of which the 

 Quinaielt river empties into the sea. The formation in which this syn- 

 cline is developed is therefore named the Quinaielt. The Quinaielt con- 

 sists of over 2,200 feet of conglomerates and shales, with minor quantities 

 of sandstone. The conglomerates are developed north of the river, while 

 the shale, with some underlying sandstone, occurs south of it. Owing to 

 the fact that faults limit the syncline on both sides, it was impossible to 

 determine positively which facies of the formation, the conglomerate or 

 the shale, was the older. However, it appears most likely that the latter 

 represents the basal portion of the formation. The beds contain well 

 preserved marine fossils and the conglomerates in particular considerable 

 quantities of almost unaltered wood and bark of trees, often in large 

 fragments. 



Fossils from the Quinaielt formation. — The following fossils, which 

 locate the formation in the lower Pliocene and indicate its contempo- 

 raneity with the Purisima formation of central California, were obtained 

 at the mouth of Quinaielt river, at various horizons throughout the series. 



Terebratalia cf. occidentalis Dall. 



Leda sp. (short and smooth). 



Lima cf. hamlini Dall. 



Macoma sp. 



Mactra sp. 



Pecten hastatus var. hericius Gould. 



Solen sicarlus Gould. 



Tapes cf. staleyi Gabb. 



Thraeia trapezoides Conrad. 



Yoldia cf. cooperi Gabb. 



Anacliis sp. 



Chrysodomus aff. tabulatus Baird. 

 Cylichna sp. 

 Margarita sp. 



Natica clausa Broderip and Sowerby. 

 Opalia cf. borealis Gould. 

 Pleorotoma perversa Gabb. 

 Priene aff. oregonensis Redfield. 

 Purpura canaliculata Duclos. 

 Purpura crispata Chemnitz. 

 Purpura saxicoJa Valenciennes. 

 Solariella peramabilis Carpenter. 



Beds of concretionary sandstone and gray shale, the equivalent of a por- 

 tion of the Quinaielt, outcrop to the northward at the mouth of the Eaft 

 river. Another area of Pliocene also occupies the territory from Clallam 

 bay westward to the Hoko river. The Pliocene here rests unconformably 

 upon the upturned and eroded Clallam formation (see figure 4) and con- 

 sists largely of conglomerate. In the cobbles and boulders of the con- 



