708 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE OTTAWA MEETING 



ment in ridges parallel with the side of the glacier. It shows, further, that 

 two glaciers may occupy the same region at the same time, nourished differ- 

 ently, with different structure, direction, and rate of motion, and accomplish- 

 ing different geological results. 



The 'full paper is published in the reports of the Smithsonian Institu- 

 tion. 



The fifth paper was by the same author, entitled 



ORIGIN OF THE MASSIVE BLOCK MORAINES IN THE CANADIAN ROCKIES AND 



SELKIRKS 



BY WILLIAM H. SHERZEE 



[Abstract] 



In the five most accessible valleys along the line of the Canadian Pacific 

 railway, the heads of which are still occupied by glaciers, there occurs a pecu- 

 liar type of moraine, composed of massive angular blocks, remarkable for the 

 scarcity or absence of fine material. They differ markedly from the moraines 

 of older date and also from those of more recent formation. In the case of 

 three of the glaciers there are two such moraines, and in the other two the 

 double character is indicated. The blocks composing them were carried either 

 on or in the ice and were not pushed along ahead or beneath it. They show no 

 signs of water action by which the finer materials could have been removed. 

 The various possible theories of their origin have been considered, and the 

 conclusion reached that a double seismic disturbance affected the entire region, 

 by which the glaciers became loaded with coarse fragments of the overtowering 

 cliffs. If the theory proves sound we have a means of correlating the position 

 of the main trunk glaciers, which were favorably situated, for determining 

 their actual and relative amount of recession since the time of the disturb- 

 ances. 



Eemarks were made by E. S. Tarr. The paper is published in full in 

 the reports of the Smithsonian Institution. 



The sixth paper was read by title : 



QLACIATION OF MANHATTAN ISLAND, NEW YORK 

 BY ALEXIS A. JULIEN 



The character and extent of plucking action by the continental glacier upon 

 the crystalline schists are shown by jagged, broken surfaces covered by till, 

 fractured slabs often hardly displaced, and angular transported boulders. 

 Semi-lunar grooves are found on the limestone, and the pitting of surfaces on 

 rounded hummocks are referred to the same action. Abundant channels and 

 troughs are attributed to erosion by subglacial running water, connected with 

 moulins through crevasses in the ice-sheet. A new hypothesis is advanced to 

 account for the pot-holes found in vicinity of the island. A sudden bending 

 southward of the directions of glacial furrows, their southward curvature, 



