1842.] Geology of Bundelcund and Jubbulpore. 403 



ated ; and seems to have been formed by the commingling of the alluvial 

 deposit of the Jumna, with the black earth of the plain. Its fertility, if 

 I may judge from the richness of the crops at the time I saw them, 

 must be very great. The whole country towards the river presented 

 one aspect of bountiful nature, and might well vie with the poet's " Gar- 

 gara," in the ease with which it is cultivated, and the ample produce it 

 yields the husbandman in return. 



The appearance of the first hills in Bundelcund has been already 

 described. It is quite characteristic of the granitic or purely primitive 

 formation. Their outline, contrasted with the table-face and summit of 

 those in the interior, exemplifies in a striking manner the effect of rock 

 on the figure of mountains in general, from which we can often 

 determine at the distance of many miles, the nature and position of 

 strata forming extensive ranges. Hence too, we perceive the connection 

 between geology and painting, and the advantages to be derived to the 

 artist from an acquaintance with the elements of this science. The 

 tops of the Himalya mountains, as represented on the splendid views of 

 Mr. Fraser, may be inferred a priori to consist of granite from the mere 

 circumstance of their form. They exhibit precisely the same outline, 

 " magna componere parvis," as the isolated primitive hills in Bundelcund, 

 but having their cliffs so softened by distance, as to present a uniform 

 line at the various angles visible. 



As to the manner in which the primitive hills in Bundelcund have 

 been formed, it might seem presumptuous in me to hazard an opinion ; 

 the question involving in some measure the two grand theories of 

 Hutton and Werner, that have so long divided the geological world. 

 Yet it is impossible to contemplate the eminences at the same time with 

 the ranges in advance, and not form some conclusion on the subject. 



They appear to exhibit the cores of large hills, the exterior of which 

 has suffered in the lapse of time; their more compact granitic interior 

 still enabling it to resist the natural causes of decay. I think it 

 most probable, that the whole of the district from which they rise, had 

 at one time presented an uniform flat consistency of the three formati- 

 ons of granite, trap, and sandstone, in the same order as they are now 

 found on the hills, and that some force from below had elevated the 

 primitive rocks, causing also a disruption of the secondary strata. 



Where this force was but slightly impressed, and on a limited area, a 



3 H 



