1842.] Geology of Bundelcund and Jubbulpore. 407 



spot. This calcareous rock is of a formation posterior to the sandstone, 

 and it is not improbable, rests upon the latter. 



Casting our eye over the plain here, and surveying the hills that rise 

 on each side, in a manner surrounding and enclosing it, we natu- 

 rally conceive the idea of an immense basin that had at one time been 

 filled with water, and formed an extensive lake. Some river, we may 

 suppose, had burst through the hills to the south, and diffused its 

 waters over the plain. These, as they gradually accumulated, would at 

 length equal the level of the range on the northern side, and force a 

 passage to the country below. 



We should thus have a lake, like that of Geneva, with a river enter- 

 ing at one side, and passing out at the other. In process of time, the 

 lake filling up by the deposit of alluvium and animal recrement, a con- 

 tracted channel only would be left for the stream to flow in ; while the 

 earthy contents of the basin would gradually acquire the form and 

 solidity which they now possess. What the mere aspect of the 

 country suggests, may be said to receive some degree of confirmation 

 from the circumstance of the Kane actually following the course here 

 described. It issues from the hills to the south of the plain, and 

 descends over the rocky barrier on the opposite side, hollowing out a 

 channel in the stone as it proceeds, and shaping it into every variety 

 of fantastic form. These falls of the Kane, as they are called, are 

 situate a few miles off the direct route from Lohargong to Saugor, and 

 distant about two marches from the former. They are well worthy the 

 notice of the passing stranger, on account of the singular forms present- 

 ed by the rock which receives the river, and conceals its course for many 

 i miles ; the bed of the stream above the falls also abounds with beauti- 

 fully variegated pebbles which admit of a high polish, and are much 

 sought after for ornamental purposes. 



The pure calcareous formation at Lohargong, succeeded by a scissile 

 rock, is apparently consisting of argillaceous sand, mica and lime, and 

 may be termed a sandstone slate. It divides with great facility into 

 thin laminae, and has a regular horizontal stratification, as is well 

 displayed at the ford of the Kane near Kopah, where both banks of the 

 river are composed of it. The only effect I observed this rock to have 

 on the soil, was to render it less pervious to moisture ; and thereby to 

 cause the water to stagnate on the surface in the form of marshes and 



