410 Geology of Bundelcund and Jubbulpore. [No. 125. 



this at the time of passing through the place, I could not make any 

 enquiry as to the mode of accomplishing the reduction. I should 

 reckon it of very difficult fusibility, with all the assistance which art 

 can bestow. In the dark clay soil around Punnahghur is interspersed a 

 good deal of the well-known calcareous concretion, termed kunkar 

 by the natives. It does not seem to be so pure as that found on the banks 

 of the Ganges, but contains a greater mixture of argillaceous earth. 

 All these combinations of lime with the other elementary earths, are of 

 a secondary formation, and are continually going on in such soils 

 as abound in the former. It is not easy to say, how the process of 

 union takes place, but it would appear to be dependent on the alter- 

 nate action of the sun's rays and moisture, and to resemble very closely 

 chemical, or electric attraction, as influenced by similar means. We 

 meet with nothing like this calcareous concretion in the soils of Great 

 Britain, as far as I am aware of, and whatever the cause may be which 

 produces it, we may reasonably conclude, that its operation is limited to 

 the hotter regions of the globe. 



Between Punnahghur and Jubbulpore, we cross a small river named 

 the Periot or Praca, (as laid down by Arrowsmith,) the bed of which 

 abounds in every variety of agate and siliceous pebbles. 



Near Jubbulpore is a low ridge of granite rocks,* in general qualities 

 resembling that of Bundelcund, but approaching more to the gneiss 

 formation, and at present undergoing a rapid decay. The whole district 

 here is rocky, and presents a fine field to the geological enquirer ; but my 

 short stay only permitted me to give a cursory glance around the can- 

 tonment. Directly to the south of these, there is a formation of old red 

 sandstone that appears to have been extensively quarried, and exhibits the 

 peculiarity of being arranged in vertical strata, contrary to the usual 

 position of this rock. A large mass of a whitish clay rock, containing 

 quartz pebbles, forms the base of the hills to the east of the plain. It 

 has been washed down by rains to powder, and formed anew into a 

 boulder or cake at the surface. It probably has been formed originally 

 from the disentegrated felspar of the neighbouring primitive rocks. 

 The ridge lying over it, to the north and east, presents the primitive 

 outline, and I concluded, was composed of similar granitic blocks to those 



* Sp. 34, 35. 



