1842.] Asiatic Society. 449 



extent of the territories from the 17° to 10° of latitude." Now, from what is known 

 of the habits of these animals, it is probable that the Rh. Sondaicus will prove to be 

 the principal mountain species, though by no means limited to the mountains. In 

 Java, according to M. Reinwardt, this animal " is found everywhere in the most 

 elevated regions, and ascends, with an astonishing swiftness, even to the highest 

 tops of the mountains" (vide ' Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine,' XIII. 34) ; and 

 Dr. Horsfield notices, that "it prefers high situations, but is not limited to a 

 particular region or climate, its range extending from the level of the ocean to 

 the summits of mountains of considerable elevation.*** Its retreats are discovered 

 by deeply excavated passages, which it forms along the declivities of mountains and 

 hills. I found these occasionally of great depth and extent." This species is also an 

 inhabitant of Borneo, where it is styled Bodok ; but, according to Sir Stamford Raffles, 

 ( ' Linnaean Transactions,' XII. 269, ) it does not appear that a single-horned species in- 

 habits that part of Sumatra with the productions of which he was best acquainted ; 

 " and the single horns which are occasionally procured, appear to be merely the 

 larger horns of the two-horned species separated from the small one;" this, however, 

 may be doubted now that the Rh. Sondaicus has proved to be common to Java and 

 Tenasserim, and it appears probable, that while the latter only inhabits Java, it will 

 be found to exist together with Rh. Sumatrensis in Sumatra, as both of these are said 

 to be found together with the Indian species in Tenasserim. Whether more than one 

 exists in Borneo we have at present no data for forming an opinion, and the discovery 

 of the formerly supposed exclusively insular species on the Burmese mainland, casts 

 a doubt upon which is the Chinese species noticed by Du Halde to inhabit the 

 province of Quangsi, in latitude 25 degrees. 



From M. J. Athanass, Esq., the Society has received a head, with the skin on, of the 

 great Jerrow Stag of the Himalaya ( Cervus Aristotelis), which I exhibit together 

 with a very fine head of the Sambur of India generally (C. hippeiaphus ) . On compa- 

 rison, it is seen that the former is of a lighter colour, with the hairs more conspicuous- 

 ly tipped with pale fulvous or yellowish-brown ; but there is little marked difference 

 between the specimens that would induce a suspicion that they appertained to different 

 species, although the Jerrow is somewhat broader in the forehead, and its antlers are 

 more divergent. Had these antlers belonged to a fully mature animal, however, they 

 would have exhibited a size such as is never attained by those of the Sambur ; a mag- 

 nificent pair in the Museum of the Hon'ble Company in London are nearly four feet 

 in length ; whereas it is rare that those of the Sambur exceed two feet and a half. This 

 I am enabled to assert with more confidence, since I have examined numerous 

 bales of Stag-antlers imported from this country, in the hope of discovering among 

 them some belonging to new or little known species ; but I have invariably found 

 these packages to consist solely of those of the Sambur and spotted Axis, generally in 

 about equal proportion, and have never once thus met with a specimen of a Sambur 

 antler that approached in magnitude to that of an adult Jerrow. Mr. Hodgson has 

 distinguished these species in the Society's Journal, (I. 66,) together with another 

 which I am enabled to state positively is the C. niger of Prof, de Blainville {Bull, 

 des Sc. 1816), and which is styled by Mr. Hodgson Rusa Nipalensis. The latter na- 

 turalist has supplied representations of the antlers of all three species, which are pub- 

 lished in the Journal of the Asiatic Society, i. 115. " The Nipalese," he remarks, 



