1842.] from the West and North-west. 555 



was the assailant, and suffering from rain, retired from Lughman upon 

 a composition, the surrender of fifty elephants being one of the terms. 

 The Raja, however, was not yet disposed to yield, and returned with a 

 large army of Hindoo allies, stated to have exceeded 100,000 men. 

 Subuktugeen defeated Jypal again in the Lughman or Julalabad valley 

 towards the end of the tenth century of our aera, whereupon the tribes 

 of that valley, and of the Khyber, submitted to the conqueror, and the 

 Lahore authority ended at Peshawur. 



Mahmood, the son of Subuktugeen, made twelve expeditions into 

 India ; the first ten of which were entirely directed against the Hin- 

 doos of the Punjab and Mooltan, and the tenth ended in the final 

 establishment of Moosulman sovereignty at Lahore. Kanouj on the 

 Ganges, and Muthra on the Jumna, were the limits of Mahmood's 

 marches in these expeditions. His twelfth and last expedition took a 

 different direction. 



Starting from Ghuzni on the 12th October 1025, a. d., Mahmood 

 reached Mooltan in a month and five days, and there having got to- 

 gether 20,000 camels, he marched across the Desert to Ajmeer, 

 whence he turned south, and taking a place called in JFerishta, Nihur- 

 wala,* and in the Rozut-oossufa Bhuwara, he reached Somnat on the 

 sea-side close to Patun in Goozrat, in January 1026 a. d. The 

 city and temple were sacked, and Mahmood remained upwards 

 of a year in Goozrat, when his army being weakened by disease 

 and desertions, he found a return by the route he had" come impos- 

 sible. He accordingly marched west to Sindh, and being overtaken by 

 the hot season, suffered exceedingly before he reached Mooltan. In 

 this expedition, and in another immediately following, to punish some 

 Jats of the Mooltan district, he seems to have used the straight road 

 from Ghuzni to Mooltan ; viz. that by the Gomul, for he could not other- 

 wise have reached the latter place in a month and five days. None of 

 the historians, however, say by what route he did march on either 

 occasion, the omission of any mention of Kabool, Peshawur, &c. or of 

 other intermediate places, combined with the shortness of the time 

 allowed for the journey ; being the proof relied upon for the fact, that 

 he came direct by the Gomul route. 



* Mr. Elphinstone calls this place Anhalwara. 



