652 Additions to Bactrian [July, 



merly read mao, but on the new, and I think correct, system now 

 adopted, it must be read 3fd-asa, or Mayusa, as near an approach to the 

 Greek, or by the Greek to it, as the relative alphabets would allow. Of 

 the name itself, I am inclined to identify it neither with Maia the mo- 

 ther of Mercury (though the caduceus favors this idea, and the Indian 



Mdyd is also the mother of Buddha) nor with Mao as lunus, though 



Chandra is a common name enough ; — but rather with Mayu (sTr^w) 

 the son of Kuvera, the god of riches, (whose name also is frequently 

 adopted by princes*) and it may have been borne by a contemporary or 

 successor of Apollodotus who swayed the sceptre but a short period in 

 some part of the Panjab,if it is necessary to suppose them of the same age. 



Philoxenes. 



Fig. 12. A square copper coin in most respects agreeing with the 

 former one, also of General Ventura's collection, but having apparently 

 a difference in the orthography of the Bactrian name. On comparing 

 the drawing of the silver Philoxenes in the Journal des Savans 

 with the rapid sketch I had taken of the same coin while in Calcutta^ 

 I perceive that I read the name and title wrong ; which is my reason 

 for inserting this better preserved coin : — the legend is clearly "PE^iH 1 

 TTlHiPQ 'P&'TW maharajasa apavihatasa plijasinasa (or Phildsi- 

 nasaj. On the silver coin the epithet is apavihasasa (quasi ^f^f%^^^7) 

 — not to be laughed at ! but I think the s must be a blunder. 



M. Raoul de Rochette judges from the military aspect of 

 Philoxenes that he was a satrap placed with a regal title on the north 

 frontier of the Bactrian kingdom when threatened by the Scythians, 

 but the circumstance of none of his coins having been found by Masson 

 in the upper field, while several have come to light in the Panjab, 

 would tend to contradict this hypothesis, as much as the * Ceres Carpo- 

 phore, or Abundance personified, and humped bull of his copper coin. 

 This learned critic does not allow that the brahmany bull has any 

 reference to India, because it is seen on the Seleucidan coins ; but in 

 the only specimen I have in my cabinet of a Seleucus with a bull 

 reverse, the animal is altogether of the European breed. 

 Coins oj the Azes group. 



A great deal remains to be done ere we shall be able to clear the 

 history of this numerous and interesting series of coins. Every day 

 new types and varieties spring up, generally of tinned copper or bronze. 



* See notes on the Allahahid inscription November 1837, page 972— PdlaJca 

 Ugrasena, devarbshtraka Kuvera. As the Parthian kings were styled devajanita, 

 this country of the devas may have been in the north, as was indeed the fabulous 

 country of Kuvera the god-king. 



