1838.] Grammar of the Panjdbi Language. 711 



VI. — Epitome of the Grammars of the Brahuiky, the Balochhj and the 

 Panjdbi languages, with Vocabularies of the Baraky, the Pashi, the 

 Laghmani, the Cashgari, the Teerhai, and the Deer Dialects. By 

 Lieut. R. Leech, Bombay Engineers, Assistant on a Mission to Kabul. 



Grammar of the Panjabi Language. 



This language, as spoken in large towns, is a dialect of the Urdu or 

 Hindustani, and differs from it chiefly in having those vowels short that 

 the latter has long, and in having the Sanskrit (:) visarg in the middle 

 of words otherwise Hindustani ; for example the number eighteen they 

 call attahran and not athara. In the villages the zemindars (farmers) 

 speak a language called Jathky, the original language of the country. 

 On the Sikh frontiers Panjabi slightly mixes with the neighbouring 

 dialects, in Shawalpoor it partakes of Sindhy. There are two charac- 

 ters in which the language is written ; Gurmukhi the character of the 

 Granth, (gospels of 10 holy men,) and Lande used by the merchants in 

 their accounts. The character used in the mountains of Jammu and 

 Nadoun differs from the Lande of the capital, and the merchants even 

 of different cities and districts, as Sedlkot and Guzerat for instance 

 differ slightly in their manner of writing this character. 



The Sikhs under their preceptor Guru Govind Singh carried their 

 hatred of the Muhammadans to such an extent as to substitute a voca- 

 bulary for their native Punjabi, because the latter was spoken by the 

 Musalmans, The vocabulary is composed of ridiculous and disrespect- 

 ful epithets of every thing relating to Islamism : it is not however used 

 by Maharajah Runjeet Singh the ruler of the Sikh nation. 



Declension of a Noun Masculine. 

 Singular. Plural. 



Nom. Ghoda a horse Ghode horses 



Gen. Ghodeda of a horse Ghodyanda of horses 



Ace. 8$ Dat. Ghodenu a horse Ghodyanu horses 



Abl. Ghodeton from a horse Ghodyanton from horses 



Declension of a Noun Feminine. 

 Singular. Plural. 



Nom. Ghodi a mare Ghodiyaii mares 



Gen. Ghodida of a mare Ghoniyanda of mares 



Ace. S$ Dat. Ghodinu a mare Ghodiyanu to mares 



Abl. Gho(tfton from a mare Ghodiyanton from mares 



Declension of a Compound Noun. 

 Singular. Plural. 



Nom. Hacha ghoda a good horse Hache ghode good horses 

 Gen. Hache ghodeda of a good horse Hachyan of good hordes 



ghodyanda 

 4 u 



