1838.] a Turkish work on Navigation. 771 



was a perjury. The distance of Canopus is 52 degrees. Ast his is 

 a most renowned star, the southern pole has taken its name from it ; 

 the distance of +x{)o which is the first of the two Aselli, 49 degrees ; 

 the heart of the Scorpion, (Antares) 24± degrees ; the Crown 17 

 degrees ; the Arrow, else called Shaurani Yamani, that is to say, 

 Sirius, 16 degrees ; Djoza, (the girdle of Orion,) 1 degree. This 

 last one though a northern one has been mentioned. with the southern 

 ones. 



The distance between the north-pole and the polar-star (Djah) is 

 two isbd, some say that the difference is less. The distance between 

 the pole and the star of the nail ^.yc^^S^ is 8J isbd, the distance 

 between the polar-star and the star of the nail 6^ isbd ; that between, 

 the polar-star and the greater of the two calves 7^ isbd. Those dis- 

 tances were taken by the former masters, with the instruments made by 

 themselves by which the elevation of the stars was at variance, which is 

 not the case with the present instruments. The distance from the stars 

 to the meridian and the pole of the world is not always the same, 

 because the stars move with the eighth sky, so that by its motion 

 some northern stars become southern ones and vice versa, so that the 

 stars which in the zodiac are now seen in the beginning of Capricornus, 

 may fall into the beginning of Cancer, the distance of which is nearly 

 48 degrees. The rest may be guessed by this, but in our times the 

 operations are sure. 



The Fifth Section explains the instruments of measurement. 

 The first instrument which the ancients used, consists of nine tablets, 

 or boards, y, the first of which, of the size of man's little finger is 

 divided in four foldsf ( t£u*>\, each of which is called one isbd, that 

 is to say, that the first tablet is reckoned to be four isbd. Be it known 

 that each pilot takes the tablet according to his hand, so that if he is a 

 tall man the divisions happen to be great, and if he be a short man they 

 are small ; therefore a difference must necessarily occur and the opera- 

 tion is not surej. The distance between Capella and Dobban ( . AjJ) 

 which in the lunar stations fall in SLs^f (i"7i« of leo) is just four 

 isb&§ ; which agrees with the above measurement taken by the hand. 



* This may be y cephei of our globes by its relative distance from polaris and 

 the pole. — Ed. 



T Shikan may here be translated rather a groove or furrow. — Ed. 



X i. e. If the instrument of one man be used by another. — Ed. 



§ The star here called Dobban must be understood, not as Dabbe, {$ aurigae which 

 is 7° 45' distant from Capella, making the isbd=l° 55', 



