790 Pali Buddhistical Annals. [Sept. 



nished by Buddhoghoso at the commencement of his commentary on 

 the Buddhawanso. He thus expresses himself. 



" By whom was this (Buddhawanso) propounded? Where, on whose or what 

 account, and when was it delivered ? Whose discourse is it, and how has it been 

 perpetuated ? 



" In the first instance, concisely explaining all these points, I shall then enter 

 upon a detailed commentary on the Buddhawanso. 



" By whom was this Buddhaivanso propounded ? It was propounded by the supreme 

 Buddho, who had acquired an infallible knowledge of all the dhanmd, who was 

 gifted with the ten powers, who had achieved the four wesarajjdni, was the raja 

 of dhanmd, the lord of dhanmd, the omniscient Tatha'gato. 



" Where did he propound it ? He propounded it at the great city Kapilawatthu at the 

 great Negrddho wih&ro, in the act of perambulating on the Rat an a chunk amo, which 

 attracted the gaze of dewa and of men by its pre-eminent and exquisite beauty. 



" On whose account ? He propounded it for the benefit of twenty-two thousand 

 kinsmen, and of innumerable kdtiyo of dewo and men. 



" On what account 1 ? He propounded it that he might rescue them from the four 

 Oghd (torrents of the passions). 



" Where did he propound it ? Bhagawa, during the first twenty years of his Bud- 

 dhohood led a houseless life (of a pilgrim), sojourning at such places as he found 

 most convenient to dwell in ; viz. out of regard for Bdrdnasi he tarried the first 

 year at the Isipatanan, an edifice (in that city) near which no living creature could 

 be deprived of life, — establishing the supremacy of his faith, and administering to 

 eighteen kdtiyo of brahmans the heavenly draught (nibdnan). The second year, he 

 dwelt at the Weluwano mahd wihdro in Rdjagahan for the spiritual welfare of that 

 city. The third and fourth years he continued at the same place. The fifth year, 

 out of consideration for Wesali he dwelt in the Kutdgdra. hail in the Mahdwano 

 wihdro near that city. The sixth at the Makulo mountain. The seventh at Tawa- 

 tensa Bhawano (one of the Dewaldka). The eighth year, for the welfare of the San- 

 sumdra* mountain near Bhuggo, he dwelt in the wilderness of Bhesakala. The ninth 

 year, at Kdsambia. The tenth year, in the Paraleyyako wilderness. The eleventh 

 year, in the brahman village NdU. The twelfth at Weranja. The thirteenth at the 

 Chali mountain. The fourteenth at the Jetawano Maha ivihdro in Sdwatthipura. 

 The fifteenth at the great city Kapilaivatthu . The sixteenth at Alawi subduing Ala- 

 wako (an evil spirit) ; and administering the heavenly draught to eighty-four thou- 

 sand living creatures. The seventeenth at Rajagahan. The eighteenth at the Chali 

 mountain. The nineteenth at the same place, and he resided the twentieth at Raja- 

 gahan. From that period he exclusively dwelt either at the Jetawano maha ivihdro 

 for the spiritual welfare of Sdwatthipura, or at Pubbdrdmo for the welfare of Sdketa- 

 pura, deriving his subsistencef by alms (from those cities). 



* Sunsumdro is synonimous with Kapilo, in Singhalese Ki?nbulwatpura, the birth- 

 place of Gotomo Buddho. 



T In those days, Buddhistical religious institutions possessed no endowments, and 

 the priesthood entirely subsisted on alms. It is stated to be mentioned elsewhere, 

 though the passage has not been shown to me yet, that the period of Sa'kya's sojourn 

 at Sdwatthipura was nine, and at Sdketupura sixteen years. By residence however, 

 at any place is not to be understood an uninterrupted residence of the whole year, 

 The year is divided into the hemanto (snowy or cold), gemhdno (hot) and wassano 

 (raiuy). During the two former the Buddhist priesthood were required to devote 

 themselves exclusively to a life of pilgrimage, and in the last, to have a fixed abode 



