1842.] Tract between Bcllary and Bijapore. 939 



of a whiter and more earthy carbonate of lime, as shewn in the right 

 hand corner of the plan. 



Large masses of a lateritic rock, cemented together by calcareous and 

 ferruginous matter, and having a smooth shining enduit, which imparts 

 a glazed appearance to the surface, occur in the calcareous conglome- 

 rate. The extent of the latter, owing to the thickly covered nature of 

 the soil, I was unable to traee ; but it is met with at various places be- 

 tween Bagwari and Mangoli, and most probably continues, almost un- 

 interruptedly, overlying the trap for the greater part of the distance ; 

 viz. twelve and half miles. Near Mangoli, the trap again appears as 

 the surface rock, seamed however, and almost broken up, by the im- 

 mense quantity of calcareous matter penetrating between the laminae. 

 The lime is seen to take up some of the colouring matter of the augite 

 or hornblende of the trap, and is stained of a mottled green and brown. 

 The trap exhibits superficial dendritic appearances, generally dark 

 brown, with a yellow or brownish ground on the smooth surface into 

 which it readily divides on being struck with the hammer. This facility 

 of division arises from natural microscopic fissures pre-existing in the 

 substance of the rock, sometimes visible to the naked eye. The frag- 

 ments are of different shapes, but almost invariably angular, and fre- 

 quently prismatic. The trap varies from a compact black and phono- 

 litic basalt, to a loose light greywacke, speckled with minute ferrugi- 

 nous spots, and still preserves both the laminar and globular forms 

 described above. Veins of a reddish colour, without any definite 

 direction, are observed intersecting it. Their composition does not 

 appear to vary much from the dull brown grey rock that forms the pre- 

 vailing colour of the trap in this vicinity, except in being more ferrugi- 

 nous. Deep and nearly vertical fissures dipping generally to the W. 70° 

 S. cleave its tables in a direction N. 25° W. A number of small 

 vesicular cavities pervade its structure, the axis of whose longest 

 diameter is generally N. and S., may be received as indications of the 

 course here taken by this great couUe of trap. 



The view of the city of Bijapore, as the traveller approaches it from 



Mangoli, is truly striking, and peculiarly oriental. 



J As in the distant view of Istambul from the sea 



of Marmora, spires, minarets and cupolas, some of which are topped 



by the crescent still glittering, the donee impleat orbem of Mahomedan 



