952 Notes, principally Geological, from [No. 130. 



tersected by vertical fissures running E. and W., and crossed by others 

 at right angles : horizontal fissures also occur, dipping at about one and 

 half to the E., these afford great facilities to the Wudras in excavating 

 masses for pillars. A sort of pickaxe, wedge, heavy hammers, and 

 levers are the only implements used : blasting is had recourse to, to 

 split the larger blocks into pieces for the millstones. The masses of 

 rock, though red, and variegated near the surface, are generally white 

 and crystalline in the centre, having decaying portions of felspar dis- 

 seminated. The millstones are shaped on the spot, and exported to 

 the surrounding districts and to the Nizam's territories. They fetch 

 from four to sixteen annas each ; fire is not used to separate the masses, 

 as in granitic rocks. 



A little west from the sandstone hills, the red felspar rock, with 

 From Mudibhal to the nrica interspersed, occurs in unstratified knolls 

 north bank of the Kistnah. and masses# This continues to Hallighirry, 

 whence the formation to the Kistnah is gneiss, with a few blocks of the 

 granite protruding. A dyke of the crystalline greenstone occurs be- 

 tween Lepghirri and Hallighi, E. and W. direction. The Hindus 

 rarely employ the overlying trap for building, preferring to bring sand- 

 stone or granite from a considerable distance. This is shewn in the 

 old Hindu temple in Bijapore and villages in the vicinity of Contogi. 

 East of Mudibhal the Idgah hill affords a good specimen of the globular 

 trap ; it resembles the greenstone dykes of the Ceded Districts, at a dis- 

 tance, in colour and contour ; but the mineral character of the rock 

 differs in containing little hornblende : it is tough, much less crystalline, 

 and contains zeolite and calcedony imbedded in nodules. It decays 

 into a deep red earth. 



Crossed the Kistnah on the 15th July to Danoor and halted. Went 



_. _ ., to to see the junction of the Malpurba and Kist- 



Ihe Capua Sungum, or J r 



confluence of the Kistnah nah on the 16th, about two and half miles west 

 from Danoor. Crossed the Malpurba, about 

 200 yards broad, in a basket boat to the Delta, on the apex of which is 

 situated the celebrated temple to the Lingum, in which Baswapa, the 

 founder of the Jungum sect, finally disappeared, according to the version 

 of his priests. The temple is evidently of great antiquity, small and 

 not remarkable for beauty. I have a strong impression, that it was 

 built by the Jains, from some peculiar symbols that have escaped the 



