1842.] Dhoora Pass in Juwahir. 1175 



stones. In one part, observed signs of stratification, and on examining 

 it closely, found it consisted of fine earth, alternating with beds of 

 small gravel, but quite safe. 



Found fragments of granite* and gneiss in the bed of the stream. 

 The general formation to-day continues to be clay slate. Purchased 

 several fine Tartar sheep for one rupee eight annas to one rupee 

 twelve annas each ; they are beautiful animals, and have very fine 

 wool. 



1st October. — Marched at 12 a. m. and arrived at Luspa at 3h. 20m. 

 Specimens p - M *' roa( * ver 7 indifferent. Formation, clay slate 



111 and 112. ag we a pp r0 ached Luspa. There was a very steep 

 ascent from the river, the width of which is very much increased, as I 

 could not throw a stone across it. A little before we came to Luspa, 

 the road passed under some very lofty and precipitous rocks, a perfect 

 wall for some distance, where a slip had occurred about four years 

 ago ; the footing in some places rather bad. A little beyond this, came 

 suddenly on a fine open space or valley, up which, at about half a mile, 

 is situated the village of Luspa on a rising piece of ground. 



Vegetationf has been rapidly increasing every step we took from the 

 village of Reelkote, and the whole face of the country is losing the 

 barren and naked appearance of the upper part of the valley. 



2c? October.— Ther. 9° 45', barometer 20.035, air 55°, moist ther. 46°. 

 Marched at 12 a. m., arrived at Bodar, (on the right bank of the Gooree, 

 no valley) ; at 5h. 50m. p. m. moved very slowly, distance from ten to 

 eleven miles, road execrable, crossed the river twice, once over a large 

 sanga> and recrossed over four small ones, more like ladders thrown 



* The higher peaks hereabouts are all of granite and gneiss; soon after, below 

 Luspa, these rocks become the exclusive formation, and the Tartaric series are left 

 behind.— J. H. B. 



f Nothing can be more striking than the passage from the extreme barrenness of the 

 upper Passes to the gorgeous vegetation of the lower, where first the birch and dwarf 

 rhododendron, then the ragha firs and yews, then sycamores, horse chesnuts, oaks, 

 alders, box, &c, and then all these intermixed with the most rich under- wood and in- 

 numerable flowers in turn delight the eye. To a Thibetan all these things are novel- 

 ties, a willow being the only tree larger than a juniper bush, which he has ever seen. 

 The Lama of Toling, when a refugee at Almora, where the country is bleak from 

 want of trees, though fertile, said, " Ah ! this is a proper country like my own. 

 The tree forests between this and the Snowy Pass are very bad indeed, and spoil the 

 scenery !"— J. H. B. 



