xvi Report of the Mineralogical Survey [No. 126*. 



which it gradually alters to a South-easterly one on the S. W. angle, 

 and latterly due South, just before it is lost in the plain country. 



18. This range forms one of the boundaries of the basin of the Sutlej 

 which bends round the convex side, while within its concavity, are con- 

 tained the numerous sources of the Ganges, the several feeders of which 

 are separated by a most intricate ramification. On this account, (as it 

 will be necessary often to refer to it,) and as there is no native name for 

 it, it may be termed the Indo-Gangetic chain. 



19. We see then, that with the exception of a narrow strip belonging 

 to the Sutlej, all this tract is occupied by the sources of the three 

 principal branches of the Ganges ; viz. the Jumna, the Ganges Proper, 

 and the Kalee. 11 A line drawn through the points where they severally 

 enter the plains, represents pretty exactly the common boundary of plain 

 and mountain land. It is the S. W. boundary mentioned in Art. 12, 

 and its length from Ropur, the deboucM of the Sutlej, to Brihon Deo, 

 that of the Kalee is 272 miles. 



20. The great disproportion of drainage effected by the Sutlej, which 

 is one of the boundaries, and by the other or Gangetic system, is very 

 striking. Not less so is the difference of their courses as to direction, 

 the one running nearly due West, the other South ; and as to length, 

 the former having a course from its origin in Lake Monsuror to its 

 debouche' at Ropur of 550 miles, whereas the longest branch of the 

 latter has only a course of 292 miles. It is this want of analogy in the 

 character of these two great river systems that forbid our speculating 

 on the arrangement of surface which may obtain beyond them. 



21. In the case of two rivers of such magnitude as the Indus and 

 Ganges, which direct their waters to the opposite seas of India, we na- 

 turally expect to trace some indications, however obscure, of a separating 

 elevated tract, something farther than the point where the Indo-Gangetic 

 chain ceases. No such indications are however found, for the intermi- 

 diate tract is much at the same level as the interior of the river districts 

 which it separates. n Physical Geography is full of these disappointments, 



11 In terming the Kalee one of the sources of the Ganges, I mean of course the 

 Ganges of Bengal ; the Kalee is the principal branch of the Dewah or Gogra river, 

 which falls into the former near Chuprah 



12 This fact is very important, and points out the facility of establishing a system 

 of irrigation all over the Dooab and Rohilkund. I ascertained that the bed of the 

 Jumna at Kaj Ghat, on the road between Chilkana and Boorea, is but five feet 



