xxx Report of the Mineralogical Survey [No. 126*. 



at once remarkable for its superior elevation, as for its peculiarity of 

 form. The investigation of its geological structure must, for these rea- 

 sons, be found very interesting. 



51. Of the several rivers and streams by which the drainage of the 

 Gangetic basin is effected, some have their origin from the Indo-Gangetic 

 chain, that is, from the farthest side of the snowy zone, others spring from 

 various points within that zone, or from its southern face, and a third 

 class from the lower mountains where snow only rests a few months 

 in the year. To the first class belong the principal sources of the Kalee 

 and Ganges Proper, the Kalee, the Dhoalee, and the Sooree, branches of 

 the former. The Dhoalee, the Bishun Gunga, and the Jahnuvi of the 

 latter. To the second class belong the subordinate branches of these 

 two rivers, and the principal ones of the Jumna, that is to say, the Ram- 

 Gunga and Surjoo (Kalee) ; the Pindar, Mundaknee, Kalee, Bhillung 

 and Bhageerethee, (Ganges) ; and the Beraee Gunga, Jumna, Soopin, 

 Roopur, Pubbur, and Andryttee (Jumna). To the third class, which is 

 the most numerous, belong all the other branches of these rivers, but six 

 of them only require mention, as being at all remarkable. Of these, 

 three pour their waters into the principal stream within the mountains. 

 These are the Luddeea which joins the Kalee, the Nyar which belongs 

 to the Ganges, and the Girree a branch of the Jumna. The other three 

 have a considerable course within the plains. The Cossillah and Ram- 

 gunga join a little below Mooradabad, and with the united stream, even- 

 tually contribute to swell the waters of the Ganges. The Murkunda, 

 the third of these, loses itself, it is said, in the sands of the Desert. 



52. Amidst so many branches, it may seem difficult to fix on that 

 which is entitled to the pre-eminence, and to be considered as the prin- 

 cipal source of the river. If, however, we recollect that the most distant 

 source must be the most elevated, and must have contributed the largest 

 supplies, we shall have a principle of selection, easily applied, and which 

 leads to some curious results. In particular, it will appear, that the Soo- 

 pin is the parent stream of the Jumna, and its source must therefore 

 be the principal one. Of the Ganges, neither the Bhageerettee or the 

 Dhoallee, so long considered rival sources, is entitled to that distinction. 

 In reality, the Jahnuvi is the most distantly derived of all its branches, 

 and must therefore be admitted to be the real source of this great river. 

 Singularly enough too, of all the mountain rivers, this is the only one 



