1842.] of the Himmalay a Mountains. xliii 



being often N. E., and this on both sides of the Sutlej, the angle of 

 inclination being about 30°. One measurement gave N. 70° E. But 

 near Nichar, again it appears to be to the West of North, the inclina- 

 tion still much the same, or even less than 30°. A very remarkable rocky- 

 precipice occurs opposite this village, traversed by numerous rents and 

 fissures, but nothing can be traced like marks of regular stratification ; 

 nor can even a line from the neighbouring strata be fancied to connect 

 with any of them ; yet from the appearance of the rock, I have not a 

 doubt but that it is gneiss. Near Keelba, there is a considerable access 

 to the rock, which is a perfect laminar gneiss, yet nothing like the re- 

 gularity of stratification is observable in it either, the lines running 

 confusedly in every direction. 



83. At Woongtoo bridge, the stratification is also very obscure, and the 

 natural divisions of the rock very various in direction, but as the laminar 

 structure, which is, or ought to be, discriminative of gneiss is here often 

 obscure, if not altogether wanting ; the rock by many will perhaps be 

 considered a granite. A few miles beyond this bridge, with an interval 

 of distinctly stratified rock, a similar amorphous mass is seen on the 

 right bank of the Sutlej, surmounted by regular strata of gneiss dipping 

 S. W., but presenting that arrangement which has obtained the name of 

 wedge-shaped strata ; the upper layers approaching more and more to 

 the perpendicular position. On this side (the left bank) is a similar 

 mass of gneiss, but with an opposite dip, (that is to N. E.), and with the 

 same arrangement, the inclination of the lower strata being inconsider- 

 able, while the superficial are nearly vertical. This appearance struck 

 me very much, coming on me, as it did, after a long and patient examina- 

 tion of the Woongtoo rock. 



84. Beyond the irregularly seamed rock noticed as occurring near 

 Keelba, we find a perfectly stratified arrangement continuing from a con- 

 siderable distance, the dip pretty regularly N. E. and the inclination be- 

 tween 20° and 30°. This is the glandular type noticed article 8. On turning 

 up the Buspa, below the village of Brooang, extensive types of stratifica- 

 tion are seen, but with a S. E. dip, and an inclination of about 25°. This 

 dip continues in the ascent to the Pass as long as any thing like strati- 

 fication can be perceived. But in the last 4,000 feet of ascent, the rocks 

 again put on the shattered and fissured appearance before described, and 

 on the Pass itself, nothing like stratification can be traced, owing to the 



