1842.] of the Himmalay a Mountains. liii 



Jilmilputtun on the Mundaknee. The two types are interstratified. 

 The dip is very regularly N., a little E., and the strata are occasionally 

 curved amongst the fragments, besides gneiss which constitutes the ma- 

 jor part. Quartz rock was observed, and a few spots of hornblende rock, 

 but none of granite. 



106. From this point in the ascent to the village of Sacen, gneiss is 

 the only rock observable. Thence descending to the Nullah, and as- 

 cending to the Pass called Chabinna-ka-Doora, elevated 9,000 feet, the 

 same rock continues, and in the whole line of so ordinary a type, and pre- 

 senting so little new or anomalous, as to afford no room for descrip- 

 tion or remark. It yet accompanies us onward round the head of the 

 Soorung glen to the Pass of Rooroo Dhooroo, elevated 10,000 feet; the 

 line of route then descends to a Nullah, (elevation 6,000 feet). Gneiss the 

 whole way. It ascends and descends, passing round the head of a valley, 

 and finally crossing Sere Soongur Khan, a Pass elevated 10,000 feet, 

 descends by Naneik into the bed of the Ramgunga, having yielded 

 no rock but gneiss in all that line, not even a solitary bed. I ought 

 however to notice that in a very great proportion of this distance the 

 coat of debris is of an enormous thickness, and covered by a most 

 luxuriant vegetation. In the bed of the Ramgunga, the dip was observed 

 N. 5° W., the inclination being 15°. There were however two other 

 sets of divisions, but not equally strongly marked. 



107. The preceding comprehend the most northern observations of 

 the extent of this rock. I shall now follow out its southern boundary, 

 which as it presents some anomalies and irregularities, I have chosen to 

 separate from the previous detail in order to avoid confusion, and to 

 present in a clearer light the fact of the great lateral extent of this 

 formation. I have not the least doubt, that a greater field of observation 

 will establish the general prevalence of gneiss over the whole of what I 

 have called the zone of the Himmalaya. It is true that this is mere 

 opinion, but it is the opinion of one who has considered the outlines 

 of the mountains with reference to their geological structure, and who 

 may be said to have viewed the whole of it at greater or less dis- 

 tances. 



108. I shall, as before, begin with the western parts, taking up my 

 account at Deas on the Sutlej where, as I mentioned, gneiss occurs of a 

 well characterised type. In the bed of the Nullah, between Deaoo and 



