lx Report of the Mineralogical Survey [No. 126*. 



123. I have now traced the gneiss to its southern boundary in this 

 direction, and have, in order at once to notice all the different patches 

 of it that occur, encroached on the limits of the micaceous schist, the 

 next rock in the order of description. But no arrangement of these 

 observations can be entirely regular while nature herself so often pre- 

 sents us with irregularities, or at least what appear such in our imper- 

 fect systems. In fact the inconvenience is more imaginary than real, 

 for in following out .the extent of the next rock, the preceding details 

 will be referred to as filling up part of the outline. No gneiss is found 

 south of the point where the preceding description terminates. 



124. It is necessary now to return to the route by the Borund Pass, 

 in which gneiss was traced as far as the place of encampment in the 

 Pubbur valley, about 10 miles above Janglag. The upper part of this 

 valley, I should notice, is of great width, the left bank is steep and 

 precipitous, consisting chiefly of bare rock, the river flowing at its foot. 

 The right bank is an easy slope covered with a thick coat of peat, in 

 which spring up at this season various European flowers, such as 

 ranunculus, anemone, potentilla, iris, with many others that appeared 

 new to me. Tracts of this nature afford the very finest pasturage 

 during four or five months of the year. Very little rock is visible, only 

 occasionally in the lateral glens, where the torrents from the snow have 

 gradually made their way through this enormous mass of vegetable 

 debris, and thus exposed it to view, or where a peak split by the expan- 

 sive powers of the frost tumbles from its lofty base into the valley 

 beneath, and scatters wide its fragments of every size. One such slip 

 of very great extent may be seen on the road to Junglag, and of this 

 all the fragments are gneiss ; some pieces would afford hand specimens 

 that might pass for granite, but viewing it in the large and almost 

 innumerable blocks that lie here, the rock is readily pronounced a 

 gneiss. 



125. Descending from Junglag to the confluence of the two princi- 

 pal branches of the Pubbur, we find only gneiss. A fine section is 

 exposed on the left bank of the eastern branch. It lies in distinct and 

 well marked strata, from 5 to 8 feet thick, dipping to the S. E. The 

 route continues along to the right bank of the united stream now 

 swelled to a river, 40 feet wide and 5 feet deep. The coating of debris 

 is of great thickness, but another section of the strata may be seen in 



