1842.] of the Himmalay a Mountains. lxi 



the bed of a small nullah that falls in from the west. The rock is 

 gneiss, the inclination is small, and the dip obscure. 



126. Hence, ascending and passing by the villages Dewtee and 

 Sustwar, gneiss is still found projecting in many large masses ; the 

 mountain side being more steep, and consequently having less debris 

 lying on it, no good observation of the dip was obtainable. Gneiss still 

 continues up the lateral glen in which Kutsar is situated, and thence 

 descending to Tikkaree near the latter place, fragments were observed 

 of a dark blue colour and small grain, and in the eagerness to change 

 the sameness of constantly recurring gneiss for some novelty, were 

 supposed at first to be so, but the first stroke of the hammer corrected 

 the mistake, and shewed it to be gneiss ; a little unlike, however, the 

 ordinary types of that rock. In the bed of the Kutsar glen, blocks of 

 the porphyritic gneiss before described were observed, some of which 

 had all the characters of a gneiss. 



127. From Tikkaree to Senowlee, a distance of nearly 16 miles, the 

 route is in the bed of the river, and in all this line there is but one 

 instance of the rock in situ being exposed. It is a fine grained grey 

 gneiss. In the bed of the river, fragments of all sizes are seen, but they 

 consist almost exclusively of gneiss and quartz rock, some few of 

 hornblende rock, and a very few of granite. The river bed is often 

 wide, and in these cases is accompanied by a bank or flat of some 

 extent, consisting of rounded stones. This bank is often 30 feet high, 

 not less than half a mile in length, and 200 yards perhaps in width. 

 These level spots are all cultivated, and it would appear, that they are 

 particularly fitted to the culture of the poppy, which is carried on in 

 this valley and its ramifications with great success. 



128. This was the first instance of these beds observed in descending 

 from the source of the river. Near Massoolea, where there is much level 

 ground, occurs an immense accumulation ; a lateral torrent which cuts 

 through it to join the Pubbur, shews at once its enormous thickness 

 and its composition ; stones of every size, from 2 feet diameter to the 

 smallest pebbles, all perfectly rounded, imbedded in gravel and sand ; 

 most of them are quartz rock, perhaps two-thirds of the whole, the 

 other third consists of gneiss and hornblende rock, with a few of 

 granite. These beds are so far different from the open level spots 

 found in the upper part of the river vallies, in as much as their surface 



