1842.] of the Himma lay a Mountains. lxv 



four feet wide and six to twelve inches deep, (15th of June after many 

 days heavy rain,) the breadth of the opening from precipice to precipice 

 is 200 feet, and the perpendicular depth about 100. The dip and mine- 

 ralogical character correspond on each side, so as to leave no doubt that 

 they were once continuous. The rock, as quartz rock almost always 

 is, is one of great tenacity and hardness, and it seems very difficult 

 to assign any adequate cause for the removal of so large a mass. There 

 does not appear any dislocation or disturbance of the strata, nor any 

 trace by which it can be judged, that the mass removed could have 

 been the materials of a vein of less persistent character; many other 

 instances of this kind will be noticed as I proceed in my description. 



135. The Tonse is here crossed by a Sanga which measures 101 

 feet in the clear. The velocity in the middle of the surface was 12 

 to 13 feet per second, and the depth from 5 to 7 feet. These data give 

 the discharge about 2000 feet per second. In the Doon before joining 

 the Jumna it was determined to be nearly 3000 feet. In its immediate 

 bed are found very large rounded blocks or boulders some even 3 feet 

 in diameter. As in the bed of the Pabbur River, so here also they con- 

 sist of gneiss, quartz rock, and hornblende rock. At the confluence 

 of the small stream in the bed of which lies the road from Seras, there 

 occurs a very extensive piece of flat ground, but whether it be composed 

 of the boulders, and loose gravel noticed in the bed of the Pabbur is 

 doubtful. Small deposits were however observed in the immediate bed 

 of the river, having a thickness of 5 feet. The open and flat spots are 

 very numerous in this part of the river's course, but of what materials 

 they consist is rendered uncertain by the covering of vegetation, which 

 clothes their slopes even to the water's edge. 



136. From the bed of the Tonse the route proceeds up a lateral glen 

 called Gurogar, from the village of that name, a very picturesque 

 valley having considerable width, and much level ground in many dif- 

 ferent points of its course. The sides are sloping and covered with 

 forest, which with the luxuriance of the vegetation spread over the 

 floor of it effectually conceals the rock ; in one quarter numerous 

 fragments of quartz rock may be seen something of the character 

 of the rock noticed in Art 129, as found on the ascent to Bouchakadhar. 

 It contains talc, and is frequently very tender almost friable. They 

 are scattered over a smooth grassy knoll, nor is it immediately obvious 



K 



