1842.] of the Himmalay a Mountains. lxxi 



the descent to the Pindar much quartz rock occurs, dipping always 

 N. E., but having frequently a second set of cleavage planes equally 

 distinctly marked. The only method of recognising them is the greater 

 or less permanence, the false stratification if it may be so called, often 

 vanishing within short distances. At the foot of a precipice formed by 

 a beautiful natural section of a quartz rock containing felspar, is 

 a patch of grey rock, amorphous, without any trace of schistose struc- 

 ture, and projecting in large round masses, very similar to those which 

 granite is seen to affect. It is probably a mixture of hornblende and 

 felspar. A whitish rock of a small grain, and similarly amorphous, is 

 seen in contact sending veins through it, and reminding one strongly 

 of the description given of granite veins. This white rock is similar 

 in mineralogical character to the stratified rock above noticed, consisting 

 of a mixture of quartz and felspar. The fragments in the bed of the 

 stream are chiefly gneiss and hornblende rock; they are frequently 

 increased by calcareous spar. 



149. On descending into the valley of the Pindar a greenish grey 

 schist is met with at the rope bridge. Character intermediate between 

 hornblende and chloritic schist. It probably belongs to the former title, 

 though the fragments and other indications beyond this place point to a 

 formation of talcose schist. Fragments are also met with of gneiss 

 and of hornblende schist. At Zubburkat, the rock is a gneiss, of a fibrous 

 columnar structure, dark grey colour, and earthy aspect. It probably 

 contains, if not hornblende, some magnesia or a mineral, probably talc or 

 chlorite. It also contains grains of the blue semi-transparent mineral 

 noticed (Art. 139.) Beyond this village immense blocks of a well defined 

 gneiss are met with, resting on the mountain side, and some few of 

 hornblende rock, but such is the thickness of the covering of debris and 

 vegetable mould, this being the side of easy slope or quarter of the 

 dip, that no instance of the rock in situ occurs till we approach the 

 village of Chelinga ; here may be seen a strata of gneiss, dipping N. 

 85° E. and at an angle of 40°. This gneiss agrees in character with 

 that constituting the large blocks just noticed, and has an affinity to 

 that seen at Zubburkat. It is a small granular mixture of black mica, 

 greyish white felspar, and quartz, with distinct foliated grains of 

 felspar superadded. The quartz is obscure, and indeed in all these 

 mixtures of small grain, it is not easy to detect the nature of ingredients 



