1842.] of the Himmalay a Mountains. cix 



to the greenstone so often noticed ; but which occupies a very limited 

 space. The quartz rock again becomes established, and continues from 

 Olee to Bidholee, and thence to Milcee, which is situated in the valley of 

 the Nyar river. Near the latter village, a subschistose argillaceous rock 

 occurs, and in the ascent up the valley of the Pilgad, which joins the 

 Nyar below Milcee, the tendency to an argillaceous character increases. 

 In this part of the route, two types seem to divide between them the 

 rocks observed ; one may be characterised as argillaceous quartz rock, 

 the other as quartzy argillaceous schist. The first cleaves into rhom- 

 bohedral fragments, has a conchoidal fracture, the composition impal- 

 pable; the second has a schistose structure and small granular com- 

 position. They run naturally into each other, and may be considered, 

 geologically speaking, as the same rock. The first is seldom stratified, 

 always seamed ; the second is generally stratified, although the strata are 

 irregular and appear under that relation termed wedge-shaped. One 

 observation gave the dip N. 45° E. with an inclination of 36°. Not far 

 from this the dip was observed N. 80° to 90° E., inclination 40°. The 

 quartzose type prevails to some distance above Bidholee, and is gra- 

 dually changes in the ascent from the bed of the stream to an ar- 

 gillaceous schist of more decided character. The latter passes into 

 chloritic schist, which conducts us to strata of gneiss connected with 

 the series of granite beds, to which we shall presently come. 



240. In the meantime, it will be necessary once more to look back 

 and take up the thread of our description broken off in Art. 159, and to 

 trace the argillaceous strata in another direction at the village of Girga- 

 on where the last traces of gneiss were lost, although in the river-bed 

 beneath occur numerous blocks of that rock. The character of the for- 

 mation which succeeds is argillaceous, including, however, extensive beds 

 of limestone ; sometimes there is a kind of transition observable between 

 them. This continues without much variation as far as the hot spring 

 below Rumaree on the Ramgunga, into which the Jankoola river (below 

 Girgaon,) falls. At the bridge over the Ramgunga the rock is clay 

 slate, and dips N. 15° "W., at an angle of 35°. The ridges appear 

 to consist of limestone stratified distinctly, and dipping also N. W. 

 Above Rumaree, argillaceous schist occurs of a lead blue colour, con- 

 taining quartz ; fragments of a conglomerate are then met with, and 

 latterly in the ascent to the Pass above Sama, a brownish granular 



