1842.] of the Himmalay a Mountains. cxxxv 



also are observable. Farther on is a perfect sandstone conglome- 

 rate ; specimens were obtained in appearance perfect greywackes, 

 traversed by quartz veins. The grey type is common, and often 

 appears to pass into a sandy clay, with mica disseminated. Similar 

 phenomena are visible in the Timlee Pass, the other entrance to the 

 Dhera Doon, and in the ascent to Nahun. The Pinjore Doon is shut 

 in to the southward by a low range of hills, composed chiefly of red 

 clay and red conglomerate. West of this point, the formation has 

 not been traced, but it probably extends to the Sutlej, having a greater 

 development where the vallies separate it from the primary strata, 

 and vice versa. 



287. There now only remains that I should notice the extent of the 

 deposits, consisting of rounded stones, gravel, and sand. I have already 

 mentioned in the course of the preceding details, the several accumula- 

 tions that are to be observed in the beds of rivers. But their greatest 

 extent is on the borders of the plain country lying at the foot of the 

 mountain ranges. At Bhumowree, they may be seen resting on sand- 

 stone. They reach to Tandaha, a distance of fifteen miles. In great part 

 of this line, the deposit is of enormous thickness, a well having been 

 sunk half way between those places to the depth of 150 feet, without 

 passing through it. At Chilkeeah, they are again seen reaching from the 

 foot of the mountains to Haldoorea, a distance of twelve miles. Here 

 also the deposit must be of great thickness, as ineffectual attempts were 

 made at Chilkeeah also to sink a well ; sixty feet was the depth penetrated 

 to, without passing through them. Again at Hurdwar, they have been 

 traced as far south as Bhogpoor, a distance of ten miles, pieces of granite 

 being observable amongst them. On the Kheree Road, they are seen 

 for an equal distance to the southward, and on the Beput Road the 

 same. But the most extensive collection of them by far is in the Dehra 

 Doon, the whole of that valley being, as it were, filled up with them. A 

 well which has been sunk there by the Hon'ble Mr. Shore, attained a 

 depth of 220 feet, before a good and plentiful supply of water was met 

 with ; even at that great depth, the nature of the deposit was the same 

 as at the surface. Mr. Shore has preserved notes of the particulars ob- 

 served in the course of the work, and has kindly allowed me to take a 

 copy of them. I shall here give them, as forming a very interesting 

 contribution to our knowledge of the geology of these mountains : — 



