1842,] t)f the Himmalay a Mountains. cli 



connected on each side by rocks of the same character and eras, and is 

 not the interior from which on one side at least these fossils of such 

 different formations are brought, a huge basin or series of basins in 

 •which are arranged secondary, tertiary, and even diluvial deposits, sur- 

 rounded and supported on every side by a gigantic zone of primary 

 formations ? 



324. It has I know been disputed, whether the same mountain range 

 or chain be, or be not marked by identity of geological structure. Like 

 many other disputed questions, it is one of words, and the solution en- 

 tirely depends upon the sense in which we use the word range or 

 chain. If we mean continuous line of elevations, in other words a chain 

 of water heads, such is certainly not marked by identity of geological 

 formation. If again, the line of greatest elevation be understood, then 

 we shall certainly find identity of geological structure, but nothing like 

 continuity of surface. Analogy then adds all its weight to the opinion, 

 that the series of primary formations continues quite round the central 

 plateau. 



325. It appears then, that the tract with which we are engaged, com- 

 prises a very small part of the outward declivity of a barrier of primary 

 formations, the most extensive probably in the world ; that these forma- 

 tions have in this particular quarter, a dip directed N. E. or at right 

 angles to the direction of the tract, and that it is probable the dip con- 

 tinues all round to be also at right angles, that is, towards the centre of 

 the great basin which they surround. The crest of these formations we 

 see attains in more than one quarter to a height of 25,000 feet, rising 

 from plains which have a level of 1,400 feet, and this in a distance of 90 

 miles. Here then, if any where, we may expect to find some clue to 

 lead us out of the labyrinth of geological speculations and hypotheses ; 

 some key to the solution of the great problem concerning the origin of 

 the present inequalities of the earth's surface. • Could we but obtain 

 access to all the particulars which are to be learned in these interesting 

 countries, geology would very soon assume a different aspect from that 

 which has as yet distinguished her. Perhaps even the small part of it 

 to which we have access, may furnish particulars calculated to throw 

 some light on the principles of a science as yet in its infancy. 



326. Saussure has observed, that in mineralogical cabinets, we see 

 every rock have a definite and easily recognised character. No anomalies 



