1838.] extracted from the Tibetan books. 143 



the root of all things ; l^Qpq.i)3{<Vr J) *|^'ZJ the Jinaof Jinas ; ^aj'Jrfi]^ 

 the basis of all things ; 5*V T £]^*f "SN'SfS existing without the three 

 times, or without beginning and end. 



To the Sambhogkaya belong the Dhydni Buddhas of five kinds, the 

 chief of whom is Vairochana (or Berotsana, as the Tibetians pronounce 

 it, called by them, S|3f T JjX'*i c;*3fii^ — rnam-per-snang-mdsad : the 

 illuminator. These are the attendants of A'di-Buddha. 



To the third or Nirmankdya belong the several incarnations of 

 Buddha. Immense is the number of such Buddhas that have appeared 

 in former ages in the several parts of the universe. In this age (styled 

 the happy age) the number of incarnations of Buddhas is one thousand, 

 four of whom have appeared hitherto, and the rest are to come hereafter. 

 Though there are mentioned many Buddhas as having appeared and 

 having taught their doctrines, yet in the modern Buddhistic system every 

 thing is attributed *or referred to Shakya, who is supposed (by the 

 Tibetans) to have lived about one thousand years before Jesus Christ. 



The different systems of Buddhism derived from India, and known 

 now to the Tibetians are the following four. 



1. Vaibhashika, (g T 5jfi) T ^ — bye-brag-pa.) 



2. Sautrdntika> (af^^rtj — mdo-sde-pa.) 



3. Yogdchdrya (^QTQiV'Ify £<! or W^'i *r^ — rnal-Abyor? 

 spyod-pa, or sems-tsam-pa). 



4. Madhydmika (s^'^T^ — e?vu-ma-pa), 



The first consists of four principal classes with its subdivisions. They 

 originated with Sha'kya's four disciples ; who are called in Sanskrit, 

 Ra'hula, Ka'shyapa, Upa'li, and Ka'TYA'yana. 



1. Ra'hula (Tib. |rE].5dj T Q|?dj — sgra-g-chan-Adsin), the son of 

 Sha'kya. His followers were divided in four sects. They recited the 

 Sutra on emancipation, in Sanskrit ; they affirmed the existence of all 

 things ; they wore on their religious garb from twenty-five to nine narrow 

 pieces of cloth. The distinctive mark of this class was an utpala padma f 

 (water-lily) jewel, and tree-leaf put together in the form of a nosegay* i 



2. Ka'shyapa (q^^c; — Hod-srung), of the brahman caste. His 

 followers were divided into six sects. They were called the " great 

 community." They recited the Sutra of emancipation in a corrupt dialect. 

 They wore on their religious garb from twenty-three to three pieces of 

 narr'e'w cloth ; and they carried a shell or conch as a distinctive mark of 

 their school. 



* May not these notes explain the marks on our Buddhist coins ?— Ed. 

 v 2 



