144 Notice of the different systems of Buddhism, [Fun. 



3. Upa'li (Tib.^zjX'Qpi — Nye-var-Akhor), of the Sudra tribe. 

 His followers were divided into three sects. They recited the emanci- 

 pation Sutra in the language of the flesh-eaters, Pishachika. They 

 wore on their religious garb from twenty-one to five pieces of narrow 

 cloth. They carried a sortsika flower as a mark of their school. They 

 were styled, " the class which is honored by many." 



4. Katya'yana (Tib. *|%QJ5 — Katyahi-bu), of the Vaisya tribe. 



His followers were divided into three sects ; they recited the emancipa- 

 tion Sutra in the vulgar dialect. They wore the same number of 

 narrow pieces of cloth, as the former class, and they had on their garb 

 the figure of a wheel, as the distinctive mark of their school. They 

 were styled : " the class that have a fixed habitation," c;3j*V T ^3j T £j. 



The followers of the Vaibhdshika system, in general, stand on the 

 lowest degree of speculation. They take every thing in the scriptures 

 in their most vulgar acceptations ; they believe every thing, and will 

 not dispute. Secondly, of the 



2. Sautrdtika school (at[^ T ^rq — mdo-sde-pa), a follower of the 

 Sutras. There are two classes, the one will prove every thing by 

 authorities contained in the scriptures, the other by arguments. 



3. The third division is that of the Yogdchdrya, (jj VQgX'SJ V^ — 

 nal-ftbyor-spyod-pa, or *j*f*r^&T T ^ — sems-tsam-pa.) There are count- 

 ed nine subdivisions of this school. The principal works on this system 

 arereferredtoA'RYA SANGA/Q^isi^^'^s]^^) in the 7th century, 

 about of our era. There are in the Kdh-gyur several works of his, and 

 of his followers, explanatory of the Yogdchdrya system. Lastly, the 



4. Madhydmika school, (^g T *T*J — Z>vu-ma-pa, they that keep a 

 middle way.) This is properly the philosophical system. It originated 

 with Nagarjuna (*J T "gZj — Alu-sgrub), 400 years after the death of 



Shakya. His principal disciples have been A'rya Deva and Buddha 

 pa lit a. There are in the Stan-gyur several works of them on the 

 Madhydmika system. Some learned pandits in India have united this 

 system with that of the Yoga char ya,as BoDHisATWA(or Shanta rak- 

 shita has done) in the 8th century, and afterwards Atis ha in the 11th. 

 Chandra Ki'rti l T X^ T 5J^]<V'i^, wrote a commentary on the original 

 work of Naga'rjuna ; as also several other works introductory to, and 

 explanatory of, the Madhydmika theory. In all the higher schools 

 in Tibet these works are now the chief authorities in all controversies 

 relating to the Madhydmika system. 



I 



