1838.] Historical works of Tibet. 147 



7. They that take Ts'hangs-pa (jfcwq Brahma), for the first 

 principle. 



8. They that take Khyab-juk ([gzj'QgEj — S. Vishnu), for ditto. 



9. They that take Skyes-bu (g^Tg — S. Parusha), for ditto. 



10. They that take gTsovo (ffi^— S. Pradhdna) for ditto. 



11. They that take time (^*j — S. Kala), for ditto. 



12. The atomists or they that take rdul-phran (*.QJ T fcJd)) the atoms 

 for the first principle of the existence of the world. There are yet some 

 others also. 



The general principles of practical Buddhism with a follower of this 

 faith in Tibet, are such as follow. 



1. To take refuge only with Buddha. 



2. To form in his mind the resolution of endeavouring to arrive at 

 the highest degree of perfection, to be united with the supreme intelligence. 



3. To prostrate himself before (the image of) Buddha ; to adore him. 



4. To bring offerings before him, such as are pleasing to any of the 

 six senses ; as, light, flowers, garlands, incenses, perfumes ; all sorts of 

 edible and drinkable things, (whether raw or prepared,) stuff's, cloths, &c. 

 for garments and hanging ornaments. 



5. To make musick, sing hymns, and utter praises on Buddha, 

 respecting his person, doctrine, love or mercy, his perfections or attri- 

 butes ; his acts or performances for the benefit of all animal beings. 



6. To confess one's sins with a contrite heart ; to ask forgiveness of 

 them, and to declare sincerely not to commit such afterwards. 



7. To rejoice in the moral merits of all animal beings, and to wish 

 that they may contribute them to obtain thereby final emancipation or 

 beatitude. 



8. To pray and exhort all the Buddhas that are now in the world 

 to turn the wheel of religion (or to teach their doctrines) and not to 

 leave soon the world, but to remain here for many ages, (Kalpas,) 



V. — Enumeration of Historical and Grammatical Works to be met with 

 in Tibet. By the same. 

 Works, containing historical matter, may be found, in Tibet, under 

 the following names : 



1. Lo-gyus (ojll«V l°" v gy us )i meaning annals, chronicle, history. 



2. Tam-gyut (e]^*T|}^ gtam-rgyud), tradition, oral account, 

 traditional history. (S. A'khydnam.) 



