1838.] Land and Fresh-water Shells of the Himalaya. 217 



No, 7. Helix humilis*, Hutton. — " Testa parvula, convexo- 

 depressa, cornea, lata et profundi umbilicata; anfractibus quinque 

 rotundatis, ultimo subangulato, penultimo aperturam circularem vix 

 interrumpente ; peritremate acuto." — Diam. 0.125. — (B.) 



Animal Heliciform ; dark-grey or blackish. 



Occurs at Simla, on moist rocks, on wet dead leaves, and at the roots 

 of shrubs in the khads. It is very abundant during the rains, but is 

 so small and so like the earth in color that a very close search is 

 necessary to effect its detection. It is very nearly allied to the British 

 species " H. umbilicata" (H.rupestris of Draparnaud), but is distin- 

 guishable by its somewhat larger size, and by its rather more open 

 umbilicus. — (H. and B.) 



No. 8. Helix orbicula, Hutton. — " Testa orbiculato-convexa, 

 fuscescente, epidermide scabia ; anfractibus sex convexinsculis ; peri- 

 phaeria subangulata ; umbilico-profundo latiusculo ; peritremate subro- 

 tundato, acuto." — Diam. 0.4. — (B.) 



The animal is Heliciform with a short foot tapering posteriorly; co- 

 lor pale watery brown. It closes its shell with a false operculum and 

 is met with under dead leaves and moss, on damp rocks and at the roots 

 of trees at Simla and Mahdssu. Less common than the last describ- 

 ed species. — (H.) 



" A specimen of this shell, the largest of the Simla examples of the 

 genus Helix as at present restricted, occurs in an interesting collection 

 made for Mr. Benson by Dr. Chapman, at 1*he Darjiling Sanatarium. 



" This collection includes forms peculiar to the Siccim mountain forests, 

 as well as others met with at both extremes of the Indian Himdlaya. 

 The new forms alluded to are Achatina belonging to the group Poly- 

 phemus, and a strong and handsome Cyclostoma approaching in habit 

 to, but somewhat larger than the European fossil species < C. MumiaJ 

 abundantly distinguished from it however by the rounder and more re- 

 flected orange peristome, and by its central position at the base, as well 

 as by the delicate sculpture, and an embossed spiral cord which winds 

 from above the umbilicus to the base, whence the species has received 

 the trivial appellation of ' FuniculalumJ It is the first known Indian 

 species belonging to the pupaeform or subcylindric division of Cyclos- 

 toma." — (B.) 



No. 9. Helix fastigiata, Hutton. — " Testa, parvula, albidocor- 



* A reversed variety of this shell occurs at Fdffu, in decayed trees, differing 

 thus in habits from the dextral species which affects rocks and dead leaves 

 principally. The shell is of four whorls exclusive of apex, finely wrinkled by the 

 lines of growth ; umbilicus discovering the previous volutions*-— Diam. l£ lines. 

 la all respects resembling the dextral shell. 



