1838.] rocks of Girnar in Gujerat, and Dhauli in Cuttack. 223 



concluding paragraph informs us of the appointment of three grades 

 of ministers, dharmamahdmdtrus, stairyya mahdmdtrds, and subordi- 

 nates, in the congregational ceremonies, karmikds, thus placing the 

 religion upon a firmer basis, promoting conversion to it and enhancing 

 its attractiveness among the people. 



The fourteenth edict is one of the most interesting of the whole 

 series. It is a kind of summing up of the foregoing, which we have 

 seen are partly laconic and partly diffuse, but the whole is said to be 

 complete in itself : — and ' if more were written it would be repetition.' 

 We learn from this edict that the whole was engraven at one time from 

 an authentic copy issued doubtless under the royal mandate, by a scribe 

 and pandit of a name not very easily deciphered. It is somewhat 

 curious to find the same words precisely on the rock in Cuttack. The 

 name of the writer is there erased, but the final letters of lipikdra, 

 * scribe,' are quite distinct. 



This may be properly regarded as the last of the particular series of 

 edicts to which it alludes. It terminates the left hand inscription at Gir- 

 nar, and at Dhauli it is followed only by a separate edict enclosed with 

 a line, which, as already stated and as will be seen hereafter, is of 

 local import. 



There is another paragraph at Girnar placed at the bottom of the 

 left hand, which I have numbered as the thirteenth because it seems 

 naturally to follow the paragraph about conversions ; and like the 

 two foregoing it is omitted at Dhauli. From the mutilated state of 

 the rock in this place it is difficult to put together the context 

 of the entire paragraph ; but insulated phrases are intelligible enough, 

 and are much in the same strain as the main inscription, repeating 

 the usual maxim of duty to parents, humanity to animals and li- 

 berality to priests. It winds up with a curious passage about victory, 

 which as far as I can make it out, describes the victory of victories to 

 be that which overcometh the passions and happiness itself, — which con- 

 quereth things of this world and things of the world beyond, ihalokikd 

 cha pdralokikd cha, and is the true object of desire. 



A line here closes the paragraph, and below it in a larger character 

 is a remarkable expression which I read as follows : — 



Va SWETO HASTI PAVA LOKA SUKHAHARO ndma. 



By altering pavd loka to savaloka (S. ^#rar) * the whole world' 

 this sentence may be construed : " And the white elephant con- 

 ferring pleasure upon all the world (is its) name." But without re- 

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