1838.] rochs of Girnar in Gujerat, and Dhaidi in Cutfack. 257 



Ninth Tablet. 



Thus spake king Piyadasi beloved of the gods! 



" Each individual seeketh his own happiness in a diversity of ways: 

 in the bonds of affection, — in marriage, or otherwise, — in the rearing 

 of offspring, — in foreign travel: — in these and other similar objects 

 doth man provide happiness of every degree. But there is great ruina- 

 tion, excessive and of all kinds, when (a man) maketh worldly objects his 

 happiness. On the contrary this is what is to be done, — (for most cer- 

 tainly that species of happiness is a fruitless happiness,) — to obtain the 

 happiness which yieldeth plentiful fruit, even the happiness of virtue ; 

 that is to say ; — kindness to dependants, reverence-to spiritual teachers 

 are proper ; humanity to animals is proper : almsgiving to brahmans and 

 sramans is proper : — all these acts and others of the same kind are to be 

 rightly denominated the happiness of virtue ! 



" By father, and by son, and by brother : by master (and by servant) 

 it is proper that these things should be entitled happiness. And further 

 for the complete attainment of this object secret charity is most suitable: 

 yea there is no alms and no loving kindness comparable with the alms 

 of religion and the loving kindness of religion, which ought verily to be 



Notes to the Ninth Tablet. 



A'ha: — Whether by mistake or otherwise, the Cuttack text has kaha the modern 

 Hindustani verb. 



Attajano, ^fT<«Sf 5T«T: eacn man respectively, properly ^r(«Ti? for himself. 



Uchavacham, see last edict— of high or low degree. 



A'badhasi cva, or abadhasi, from ^r^^: bonds of affection, or ornament, which 

 latter will perhaps contrast better with the other objects. 



Avaha-vivuhesu, fqnsri^f marriage, ^f^f^" trie opposite state. 



P-utaliibhesu, •q^KTj^j acquisition of a son — Sf^T^J foreign residence. 



Mdhaddyo, ^mEJ: destruction, calamity. 



Chatadatltam, -^^^ref flii^f happiness in things of ordinary occurrence. 



Ta-katavyameva l fjfc^Ti^Jii^" ln Sanskrit this merwber of a proposition comes 

 before the explanation of its nature. 



A'yata,^}?^ long, diffuse — the nouns are here put in the locative case without 

 apparent reason : etalkartavyam muhaphale mangule, &c. this is to be done in (or to 

 obtain) profitable happiness. 



Bhatakamhi, ijefeff the hiretl dourer. 



Apachiti, ^qf^rf^ worship, salutation. 



Svamika, suvanuka, ^iffl^f a master, lord— as a contrast I have inserted lhataka, 

 servant, to fill a space of 3 letters. 



Pjvatam, SlTSff concealed, covered. 



Suhadayena natikena, ^3"^'^'iT'^Tf?T^ «f ; — sap&yena may be ' impassionate.' 



Uchaditavya, ^(SJJlf^rT elevated, purified, manifested ? ffsjji^ qpE*^^ entire fulfil, 

 raent ; or it may be read raoiatamhi, ^|^j or ^j^j agreeable ; or Tfrf^fif of this miud. 



