266 Inscription in old character on the [March, 



The ambiguous terms (alluded to in the notes) vimana dapand, 

 hassi dapand, — may be the titles of some particular discourses of 

 Buddha, 'the mirror of grief and < the mirror of hilarity' — for we 

 find the next expression agikhandhdni (though it should be in the sin- 

 gular rather than the plural) is explained by Mr. Turnour to be the 

 parable of the " hill of fire," — a celebrated discourse of Buddho, 

 which had special effect in the conversion of distant nations: thus in 

 the Mahaivanso: 



Gantwd parantakdn thiro Yonako Dhammarakkhito 

 Aggikkhandhopumdnsuttdn kathetwd jonamajjhago. 

 So sattatisa sahassdn pdne tathd samagate 

 Dhammdmatd mapayesi dhammddhammesit kdwido, 

 Purisdndm sahassancha, itthliyocha tatodhikd, 

 Khattiydndn kuldyeiva nikkhamitwdnupabbajun. 

 i The th£ro y6nako Dhammarakkhito repairing to the Aparaniaka country 

 in the midst of the populace preached the " aggikkhandopximari 1 '' discourse (of 

 Buddho). This (disciple), who thoroughly understood how to discriminate true 

 from false doctrines, poured out to the seventy thousand who had assembled 

 before him the delicious (draught of the) true faith. A thousand males and a 

 still greater number of females, descendants exclusively of khathiya families, 

 pelled by their unreligious ardor, entered into the priesthood.' 



Remarks on the Fifth Edict. 



The deputation of missionaries to different countries is particularly 

 described in the Mahawanso, Chapter XII. of which I here annex the 

 translation only, as the passage is rather long. 



" The thero son of Moggali, having terminated the third convocation, wag 

 reflecting on futurity: perceiving that the times had arrived for the establish- 

 ment of the religion of Buddho in foreign countries he dispatched severally in 

 the month of ' Kattiko' the following theros to those foreign parts. 



*.' He deputed Majjhantiko to Kasmira and Gandhdra, andMAHADEvo to 

 Mahisamandalam : Rakkito to Wanawasi, and Yona Dhammarakhito to 

 Aparaniaka. He deputed Mahadhammakkhito to Maharatta, and Maha- 

 rakkhito to the Yona country : Majjhimo to the Himawanta country and to 

 Sowanabhumi the two theros Sono and Uttaro. He deputed Mahamahindo, 

 together with his (Moggali's) disciples Ittiyo, Uttiyo, Sambalo Bhadda.- 

 salo (to Ceylon), saying unto these five theros, ' Establish ye in the delightful 

 land of Lanka the delightful religion of the vanquisher (Jina). y " 



The only places in the above list which agree with the more authen- 

 tic record of our inscription are Gandhdra and Aparaniaka. The for- 

 mer of these is known as the country of the Gandaridce or Gandarii 

 of Strabo and Herodotus. Professor Wilson has collected all that 

 can throw light on the position of this nation in his notes on the History of 

 Cashmir, As. Res. XV. 104. That it was situated in the Panjab there 

 is every reason to conclude, and now that we know the Buddhist 



