1838.] rocks of Girnar hi Guferat, and Dhauli in Cuttack. 269 



" badham" or yes. 3Tr£" ^n^ T^ srrsr are expletives used to complete 

 verses according to the Kavikalpalata. 



The sense therefore of the pillars entence — Dhammavadhiydcha 

 badham vadhisati, should be " and by the growth of grace, assent will 

 also increase." 



Remarks on the Eleventh Tablet. 



I am not sure whether in lieu of the sense adopted in the translation 

 of this sentence, we should not understand by dhamma ddnam,, the gift 

 of dharma, or religion ; — which gift transcends all other alms inas- 

 much as it brings the blessings of this world, and eternal happiness in 

 the next, — and the anantam punham, or endless moral merit will thus 

 accrue not to the mere obeyer of the moral maxims inculcated, but to 

 the sovereign who bestowed so great a gift on his subjects. More com- 

 petent scholars must decide this point. 



The Cuttack text does not contain a copy ©f this edict, which may be 

 accounted for by its being in substance a repetition of a part of the 

 preceding edict. The word mitasasuta, though it occurs twice in the 

 course of the short paragraph is by no means a satisfactory reading — it 

 looks in the original more like mita sastata, a facsimile will probably 

 remove this ambiguity. 



Remarks on the Twelfth Tablet. 



That this edict should likewise not be included in the Dhauli series 

 may be explained, by supposing that the Buddhist religion already 

 predominated in the Kalinga provinces, and that therefore there was 

 less necessity to prescribe rules of conduct towards those who were well 

 inclined to become converts than others. By apta and para-pdsanad y 

 I should have understood well-disposed and obdurate heretics, had not 

 the concluding sentence, * the increase of the aptapdsandas is the 

 splendour of religion' shewn that the former must be rendered heretics 

 actually converted, or converts. 



The continual recurrence of the same words makes it nearly impos- 

 sible to give an elegance to a translation which I strive to preserve as 

 literal as possible ; there are also not a few ambiguities which cannot 

 be cleared until we have an actual facsimile. In fact I have had more 

 trouble with this than most of the foregoing tablets. Having merely a 

 dictionary for my guide I am perplexed how to translate such an 

 expression as Sdravadhi, ^T^sff : sdra has a dozen meanings, pith, 

 essence, vital part, substance, marrow, wind, sickness, cream, firmness, 

 water, wealth, propriety, steel, climax ! but none of these applies to the 

 condition, that, increased in the king, it should also be increased in all 

 heretics. What constituted his glory would also constitute theirs, namely, 

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