1838.] At Dhauli in Cuttack. 449 



passage in particular applies with such curious fidelity to the duties of 

 the pativedakas or inquisitors whose report was to be made to the 

 prince, or where there was none to the magistrates, as described in the 

 sixth edict of Girndr and Dhauli (page 268,) that I cannot forbear to 

 extract it : the Greek word employed to designate what he calls the 

 sixth class of the Indian community ; <F7nV/co7rot is nearly a translation of 

 3?ff?t^T instructors or inspectors : — » 



v E«Tot 5e eicnv'lvSo'iatu, 01 iiriarKoiroi KaAeS/nzvoi. Ovroi ecpopuxri to yiv6/j.eua Ka- 

 ra re tv)v x&py\v> Kcu Kara, ras iroXias' Ka\ mama avayy&KhovGi too fiaaXei, 'ivairep 

 fiaffiXevovTai 'IvSoi' t) rois reXccriv, 'Ivavep avrovofioi etVi' rovrois ov defxis tyevdos ay- 

 7eL\cu ovSew ovde t is "IvS&v airitiv eax* tyevcracrdai. — Indies?, cap. XII. 



' The sixth class among the Indians are those called Episcopi (inspectors or 

 inquisitors). These take cognizance of whatever happens both in the country and 

 in the town, and report the same to the king in those places where the Indians are 

 under regal rule ; or to the magistrates, where they govern themselves*. And to 

 these (functionaries^ it is not lawful to report any thing false, nor indeed have 

 any of the Indians been ever taxed with the vice of falsehood.' 



The last passage, as containing an impartial testimony to the charac- 

 ter for honesty once borne by the natives of this country, deserves to be 

 translated into the vernacular of every province, and hung up over the 

 door of every judicial court in the present degenerate age ! 



To proceed in our analysis :— -The province governed by this feudal 

 prince and his ministers has long been erased from the catalogue of 

 Indian states. Tosaliyam in the pillar-dialect of the Pali corresponds 

 with the Sanskrit locative case, ^"i^^t? of ^l^^t> Tosali, a name only to 

 be found written with the same orthography in Ptolemy's tables, as 

 the city of Tosale. The Indian name of the same place, as identified 

 by Wilford, is Tosala-Cosalaka according to the Brahmanda Purana, 

 and simply Cosalaka or Cosala in the Vardsanhita. This is not the 

 first occasion in which the Greek have proved better guides than the 

 Sanskrit authorities, in regard to the actual geographical names preserved 

 on our ancient buddhist monuments ; though in describing their situa- 

 tion on the map great allowances must be occasionally made for the for- 

 mer ; who, if, as we have now some reason to suppose, they derived their 

 information from buddhist missionaries settled among them, would ne- 

 cessarily improve nothing of the very vague notion of relative positions 

 and distances possessed by their informants. Tosale metropolis^ is 

 thus placed by Ptolemy on the other side of the Ganges, somewhere 

 near the mountains inhabited by the nangologe (most probably the ndgas 



* Such a government was that of the Litsavis in Prydga or VishaK. See Csoma's 

 analysis of the Dulva. Such also in a great sense was the capital of Surashti-a. 

 f See Ptolemy's Geog. nth plate, India extra Gangem. 



