174 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



[flLutoH 81, 1881. 



probability such is one of their original characteristics, the smooth 

 coats of some being the consequence of a cross in the breed. 

 . .-.. The true spaniel is distinguished by the silkiuess of his 

 Hue, his pendulous aid fringed, ear, clear eye, moist nose and 

 fringed tail. . . . A cry of spaniels is not at present 

 thought so essential as in former davs ■ iudoed, manv sportsmen 

 of the present day, whether in shooting or hunting, habitually at- 

 tached txi the pointer and bound, affect eutirolv to discard the bab- 

 bling spaniel. This, however, is too strong a prejudice, as the 

 utility of tho spaniel is undoubted in thick and difficult coverts, 

 copses and runs, where neither pointer nor setter can penetrate, 

 nor, perhaps, even the large springer, which partakes too much of 

 their natnr. midsize for such puzzling and thorny labors The 

 small spaniels should yet. have considerable substance and hone, 

 and by no moans bo over-logged, aud granting them true bred, 

 ft little harshness of the coat is no disadvantage, it* such are nioro 

 hardy aud fearless of the thicket. The delicate and verv small, or 

 carpet spaniels, have excellent nosu, aud will hunt trnlv and pleas- 

 antly : but are neither lit for a long day or thnrnv covert. The 

 grand, or questing, quality of the spaniel is well known, and bis 

 constant and bustling activity 



''The largest springers wwe some years since, and probablv 

 may at present be, found in Sussex. The cockers are supposed to 

 have originated in a cross between the springer and the small 

 water spaniel, and are distinguished from the large spaniel by a 

 more compact, rounder and shorter head, deeper and more curly 

 Hew and larger cars. Thespaniel colors arc various— yellow, livnr> 

 colored, red, brown, white, black-tau with tanned logs and muzzle 



those last hues denote a terrier cross. The springer is often 



oi'OBsed and deteriorated hy the hound and pointer 



Twenty years ago His Grace tho Unite of Marlborough was re- 

 ported to possesB tho smallest aud liest hreedof cockers in Britain ; 

 they won. invariablv red-and-while, with very Jong ears, Bbort 

 UOBOS and blank eyes." 



So much for the opinions of Mr. John Scott, who appears to 

 have derived many of his ideas from Taplm and Edwards - . The 

 latter quotation, however, gives one piece of information which we 

 do not find in former writers, and that is, that bone and shortness, 

 of leg were recognized as desirable points to obtain in spaniels. 

 As John Scott, attaehes so much importance to those qualifications, 

 ■we can quite understand the disfavor with which he regarded tho 

 hound and pointer cross, upon the nndoMrability of which he made 

 sonic vory stringent observations, which wc did not consider it 

 worth while to reproduce. As we have now conn; to a tune when 

 spaniels appear to have been genorally recognized by sportsmen as 

 a totally distinct variety from the setter, or rather we may more 

 BOrreotl] put it that the setter had become recognized as a variety 

 bv itself, and sonic idea has in addition been laid before our 

 readers from the writings of earlier authors, and descriptions of 

 tho illustrations which their works contained, as to chat the land 

 spaniel was like some sixty years ago. we may direct attention to 

 anioroioecnt date, 1845, when William Youatt. wrote. 



Youatt in his remarks upon dogs adopts the classification of 

 Olivier, and, to use bis own expression, arranges the breeds "Ac- 

 cording to the development of tho frontal sinus and the cerebral 

 cavity, or, in other words, the power of scent and the dogree of 

 intelligence." Spaniels, according to this classification, come into 

 the second division, and are in company with the setter, pointer, 

 hound and sheepdog, whose heads should he moderately elongated, 

 the parietal honcB diverging from each other for a certain Bpacfi ax 

 thev ri„o upou the side of the head, thereby enlarging the cerebral 

 cavity and the frontal sums Speaking generally or tbeepauiei, 

 Youatt lays down that his oars should be large aud pendulous, and 

 bis coat, of different lengths, luvurdmg to the part of his bodv 

 where it is situated, but longest «n tie ears, uudci Ibe neck, be- 

 hind the thighs aud on the tail. The list of spaniels to which his 

 book refers throws verv little light upon any of the foremost 

 modern breeds, for Youatt ainiplv refers in general terms to tho 

 cocker aud the springer mid their duties. He also notices the King 

 Charles spaniel, the Blenheim, and tho Norfolk, and black-and 

 tan spaniel. The water spaniel, however, has more space devoted 

 lo him than auv of the other varieties of which he treats. 



As the land .-pan 

 forms, il. will be i 



Variety of the breed, somo of which have boon in e\i. iti mci i f a 

 many years, although they have received but scant attention from 

 eail\ writers. Wo therefore propose to proceed to the descrip- 

 tion' of the various breeds of laud spaniels alter which the 

 varieties of water spaniels will ho treated of in a chapter hv them- 

 selves. 



r to devote 



I of whirl. 



•ate chapter to 

 isteuc 



WANTED, A WOODCHUCK DOG. 



Ranuklky, Mb. 

 1 see that "Lupus," in the issue of March 21, discusses the merits 

 of different breeds of dogs for the destruction of woodchucks. 

 But to my mind the most killing and cheapest is that sometimes 

 called tho_ Oneida bulldog, otherwise the Nowhouse trap. With a 

 few of these a farm may he soon rid of the vermin and, for the 

 benefit of the boys who mav wish to engage in the sport and are 

 unskilled in trapping, 1 will add a few hints. Traps of size one 

 arid a half arc strong enough. Cut pegs from a forked branch 

 eighteen ortvvonty inches long, one branch cut off so as to form a 

 hook to prevent tho ring from slipping off. Drive the peg firmly 

 at one side of the harrow ; level off the mound of dirt, if any, in 

 front of the entrance Scoop out a space the size and depth of the 

 trap. Set the trap and, to prevontits springing too easily, press a 

 wedge of hard wood between the sotting jaw and bedpioco, turning 

 the spring at nearly right angle to the same side. Now place the 

 trap in the cavity, the jaws parallel to tho furrow aud block up the 

 . loose jaw to a level with the pan, filling the space between the jaws 

 I " ii' at h tho pan with moss, grass or leaves. This to prevent the 

 rain from washing in and packing the dirt so as to prevent the trap 

 from springing. Lastly, cover all parts of the trap and chain a 

 fourth of an inch deep with dirt, that over the jaws to be fine aud 

 free from gravel, aB otherwise it might provcut the jaws from 

 closing — WabfieIiD. 



The following remarks seem to answer tho question whether tho 

 fox-terrier is game enough to kill woodchuck : 



Bai.timoiik, March 25. 



I am quite a fancier of f ox-torriers and havo imported and owned 

 a groat many, and I have always found tbem very game ratters, 

 often in England I have seen "a lOpound dog draw a badger weigh- 

 ing nearly twice as much. Now, a badger is no oasy thing for a 

 dog to kill or draw, and a woodchuck is tho nearest thing to a badg- 

 er that can ho had in Huh country. While living in Mauio some 

 time ago I imported a lemon and white fox-terrier bitch ; and as 

 she was au excellent ratter some friends wauled to see if she would 

 kill a woodchuck. We advortisod and got two. One was au old 

 customer and had only three feet (tho fourth having evidently boon 

 cut off hy a trap) ; the other was sound and waa supposed to bo 

 the uglier of the two . but such was not the case as will he seen. 



Wo took the chucks to a room where we had previously had a box 

 one foot square, twelve feet loug, with an elbow thus : -J covered 

 with glass. We put the younger one in and he at onco ran to tho 

 • other end and turned rouud. We then turned my bitch loose and 

 ' sho immediately went into the box and lo our surprise the wood- 

 chuck stuck its head in the corner and utterly refused to show 

 tight. The bitch pulled him out and killed him almost without 

 resistance. Not so with the old oue. He faced the bitch and 

 fought ld,e a Trojan for about fifteen minutes; but tho bitch tin- 

 ally got him by the nose and dragged him out. We then took him 

 away from the bitch and saved him for the time being, I guess 

 we drew that old woodchuck ton or twelve times, when finally we let 

 a bull-terrier draw him and he killed him (the woodchuck) before 

 we could stop him. I went onoe to see a badger drawn 

 London. Tho badger was put into a box similar to the one c 

 scribed above and the dog was let loose ; be walked leisurely 

 and took the badger by the nose and they walked out together .._ 

 though nothing had happened. I found out afterward that the 

 badger had been drawn so much by the dog that they had become 

 very friendly.— Hazel Kibke. 



Putnam, March 25. 

 In your laBt number, just at hand, I notice the item from •' B. 

 W." of Edgemont, Perm,, saying his farm is overrun with wood- 

 chucks and wants to know how to got rid of them. Some fifteen 

 years ago I was plagued with a lot of wwlchurks that ale up m\ 

 green peas, beans and squashes, and on account of the largo bush 

 thicket near the garden 1 could not get a shot at tbem, and au old 

 hunter told me how to cleau up the maraudfsrB. and. following his 

 instructions, i went to a pond-bole aud secured a speckled liii-rlc 



and, tiein< a strinc I ie of hi- lees, then dropped a drop of 



its tiprpentuio under his tail and putting him into-the mouth of 



lie 



udehuek's hole 

 ie wo.iilchuel, i 



hlbli 'I : 



ill . :. 



nto the holo 

 ild Hai 



killed hi> 

 vieinitv of my garden and secured two other woodchuoks, and wore 



not. further di.-lurbed by them that summer. G. F. W. 



Editor Forest and Stream : 



Y'lSKEJis, March 26. 

 Having had a three weeks' vacation in tho country last summer 

 where woodchucks were quite inuner'His, I bad a go'od opportunity 

 to trap these animals. Iba.imil count. | trapped fifty-four and 

 shot Ihrce with a rillc. In trapping them 1 employed f,,ui V,. ■> 

 Newhouse steul traps. I alwavs art my traps at the mouth of tho 

 burrow, lightlv covered with looso earth. 1 then secured the trap 

 to a stake'vvhiohl drove firmly into the ground, so the next time 

 that the chuck eauie out of his hole to feed he was sure to be 

 caught and held firmly till I came to release him. Woodchucks are 

 sly creatures and hard to conic at to get a shot, aud oven after be- 

 ing hard hit with ariilo bullet will ofluntimes manage to escape to 

 their holes, where the dio.-M. I,. A. 



" l.epus" sands lo yon a letter from a Delaware County, Peim., 

 farmer, in which complaint is heaped up high against Mr. Wood- 

 chuck. A canine exterminator is asked for aud "I.epns" calls 

 upon tho bleeders of the fox-terrier to respond through your col- 

 umns. We think the little dachshund is the very dog for the 

 pesky grouui! hog. Could not our friend, Dr. Twa'ddell. who has 

 bred tho little Hotmail dog, toll us of his merits as a varmint ex- 

 terminator? Maybe the Doctor knows " Lcpus."— Mai ike Coii- 



11EAT7. 



KESEABCDEB ON HAWKS. -It will be remember,:,| thai Dr. 

 Qaltfer, in a coiumuiiicaiiou made bo the iBademie da Medicine of 

 Paris, on October 27, 1879, appeared to establish, bv a series of ex- 

 periments, the transuns-ibililv of rabies to the rabbit, and studied 

 the period of Incubation of tho di 



she 



The 



Ild 



•' h I 





'iitti i; 



aken up lately by M. Launolong 

 and M. UH.vnaud. iu Connection with the" following case : A 

 child, aged iive and a half vears, was admitted mi the St Ii of De- 

 comber, 18*0, to the Hospital of Saint Kuccnic. prcenting un- 

 equivocal symptoms of rabies. He had been bitten mi the 10th of 

 November <m the knee, on the loft cheek and on the temp,, ml 

 region of the same si, t„ by ;'. dog, winch wie- immediiilelv killed 

 after having bitten "tier .l. v ,.., which were also killed. The first 

 symptoms of rabies were munife-tcd on tho morning ol in.- 7th Of 

 December, and the child died on tho I lib of December alter hav- 

 ing shown tvpu-al manifestations ot the disease l'hr cperi- 



BieutH ware made on a rabbit: 1. inoculation with lluids collected 

 from the c.lnld while still living. 2, inoculation with dill, rent 

 tlnids or tissue taken from the bodv I wentv-foiir iioiii- afterdeatti ; 

 :l, i-ubucquoi.t inoculation niado'from rabbit to rabbit, in the 



.ml - 



, tw 



a take 



from tin. pse died, one iu tweiitv-fmir, the others in fortv-eight 



hoius. Thieo animal- were inoculated w ith the debris of salivary 

 gland- ; Olllv one died, verv rapidlv however, at. the end or eleven 

 hours. Tho submiixillarv gland 'furnished this po.-uive result. 

 The product of scraping the Ivinphatiu glands, which were found 

 swollen, was inoculated ui two rabbits ;oue survived at nine hours 

 and a, half : the other became ill on the second dav, and then iv.- 

 covcred. A fragment ,,i the medulla oblongata was innculali .1 in 

 another rabbit, which died on the 1'muth day. In the thud series 

 oresperini.nts, all the rabbits .lid which were inooulaicfl with 

 the saliva of one of the animals which died iu the proeodlng ex- 

 periments. All the rabbits, live in number, succumbed ill spaces 

 of time varying Troiii Iwehiv to ihiity hour.-,. Twice the blood of 

 a rabbit, killed hy mociilatiou of the blood, was taken immediately 

 after death, and inoculated «» another rabbit . it caused death 

 once in thirty- two boura -, aud, in the second cose, iu forty-three 

 hours. The blood of tho latter rabbit, alsolakeii after death, killed 

 a third rabbit in thirteen hours. M. Maurice Havuaiid is of opinion, 

 until the contrarv is proved. Ihal these rabbit,, reallv died of 

 rabies : and he considers "'at he has a douhli reason lor so think- 

 ing—the impussibihtv of explaining their death otherwise, and the 

 evidence of that cause of death iu the human subject from which 

 the inuculatiou was made. M. Pasteur addre-sed tho Academv, 

 and drew a figure of the parasitic organism wluoh he found in the 

 saliva of the patient of MM. Maurice Kavnaud aud LamwlflngUO. 

 M. Pasteur did not admit, however, that the disease observed in 

 the animals iu which ho had performed these inoeulalious was 

 rabies, lie considered, on the contrarv, tin- disease as a new af- 

 fection not described aud not observed previously, but certainly 

 produced by the parasite which he had isolated and cultivated A 



i M. 



rbo- 

 ich 51. 



ing of opinion that 



Pasteur deuicd. it. resulted from this discussion, that tho disi 

 produced hv the inoculations of M. Pasteur wan not rabies, since it 

 roprcsonted' neither the period of incubation nor the svmptoms of 

 rabies. Various hypotheses mav be formed as to the nature of 

 these differences, but none is at present satisfactory Tho subject 

 is one, however, of which the importance canuot bo overlooked, 

 and must be highlv estimated. Tho results which have reeentlv 

 been obtained hv M. Pasteur, by M. Toussaint, and Dr. Greenfield 

 is this country following in their stops, iu relation to tho cnltiva^ 

 tiou of parsitio organisms connected with infectious disease such 

 as splenic disease or fowl-cholera, all point in the same direction, 

 via., to the possibility of attuning preventive, and probably 

 therapeutic, moans, bv l he aid ol this line of physiologioal in- 

 vestigation; and however much antivivisoctioms'ts may rage 

 against experiments ofthisldud.it ia certain that thev will not 

 carry with them reasonable people in any opposition to a hue of 

 experiment which has alreadv been productive, of vast benefit to 

 mankind, and is apparently on tho eve of yielding results ot in- 

 estimable value and extensive application in tho provuiition of tho 

 most destructive, aud at present, incurable forms or disease. In- 

 oculation orinvaccination of poisons, modified by passing through 

 various animal organisms, l< ad to remits which mav, on the one 

 hand, he preventive and prophylactic, as iu tho cose ofsniall-pox, 

 fowl-chulera, bacteria and splenic disease and may, where such 

 preliminary prevention is, bv the circumstances of (he case, put- 

 nut ol the question, he useful in the early stage in producing a. 

 mild concurrent form of disease, which ii'iav greatly modify the 

 more violent poison— British Medical Journal. 



"CITY DOOS."— I do not know of a section of tho country 

 whore morn reallv fine field dogs can bu found than at aud about 

 Milford, Harrington and Georgetown, Del, Fully two-thirds of the 

 animals I have seen at these places are as well bred as any natives 

 in tho laud, and very many show tho blood of the lata imported 

 strains. I learn from tho sportsmen of thaw sections that their 

 setters and pointers are bred from "city dogs"- in fact many 

 were once " city dogs." It is very amusing to hear the resident 

 shooting men of the towns mentioned describe the working of 

 these animals when thev first come to "our country." Said one 

 John W. to me not long since : "You fellows from town are very 

 unreasonable, aud appear to think because you've got a high-price 

 setter or pointer that thev will go right to hunting like oue of our 

 dogs as Boon as he's taken into th9 field." "Well, ho does a 

 mightv sight of hunting to he sure, and chasing, too, but no 

 pointing." "They are no good for three or four days. When 

 they first come down they are hog fat, been chained up for six 

 months and half crazy to get out, run wild." " Most of you only 



he forg, 

 itorUthi 



come down for two or three dayB 1 Bhooting, aud it takes that long 

 to ruu your dog into anything 'like the temper for work" " You 

 then go home disgusted with your dogs and leave them behind to 

 ' hunted." "It makes no difference if your dog has oucc boon 

 ben he gooB into the field again, for he has 

 tin all the time except when yon walk him in 

 me street or taite nun to one of vein- groat shows." "We don't 

 find fault with the breeding of your dogs, for there is just where 

 we gel. ours, aud see what we make of them I" 



'• A duck is mighty apt to forget something about water if kept 

 away from it. ha; i her life, and it in scandalous to think a setter or 

 pointer, idler being shut up and only looked at and talked about 

 for a whole year, can he expected to' do good wort: the first trip of 

 thesoason." " Why, he's crazy with delight, and nothing good 

 can be got out of him until the • wire edge ' is worn oil' of him and 

 ho is in a condition to know what he is about." " Your prize dogs 

 are fine to look at, hnt most of them need a country education " 

 "There was a lot of them down here a year or two" back from a 

 konnel noar New York with their owners for snipe. All thoy could 

 dn waB to fetch and carry corncobs, ' down charge,' and bark and 

 run around one another when 1 saw them out. And there were 

 lots of snipe about, too, but none killed bv Ibis party." 



1 have given as near as 1 can remember the exact words of my 

 friond in his description of " our dogs from town. " The practical 

 sportsman who roads them can sympathize with houest John in his 

 disgust, and recognize in the owners of what he in general terms 

 designates "city dogs" those that do most of their shooting in- 

 doors. "Homo." 



THE BENCH-LEGGED BEAGLE IJUENTION - Baltimore, 

 March 1!).— I notice in your paper of the 17th nit. au article on 

 tho " Uuuch-Lcgg, d He-agio," by Doctor Maddux, of this city. As 

 1 am one of those that he has been pleased to stvlc "interested 

 -cril.1'1, r-." I hasten to reply, it affords me pleasure to havo this 

 opportunity to ask. through the columns of your valuable paper, 

 some questions which 1 hope the champion of "the " bench-legged " 

 beagle « ill answer. The t'ust I wish to propound is : Did ho ever 

 breed one of his straight-legged beagles to a dachshund dog 

 owned bv Mr. Orovemau, a resident of this State? Secondly, 

 When did Mr. Banks import any " boueh-legged " beagles V aud 

 for whom? also, through what port were they entered V Thirdly, 

 Who are the owners of the half-dozen or more packs of "ti&neh- 

 leggod " beagles spoken of bv the gentleman as owned within a 

 radius of ten miles of tbiscitv? I also wish to state in this con- 

 nection that I am an old Marylander, being a native resident here 

 all mv life. Oonscouciitlv I ant-dale the gentleman OS a resident 

 from an adjoining State. I havo 



lions of II, 1: 



styled by the 



spnnsi 

 jblev. 



State. 



, I'm 



litlel 



a He. 



isfortu 

 • be 



jxteuded to 

 j to 



i defoi 

 " beagle. 



ml hunted 



i, .test i 



• Of 



.. _ the Doctor that I ha- _ . 

 prettv and linely-hrcd straight-legged beagles as ever fullowed a 

 "cotton-tail." 'The Doctor asserts in his article that the "l.u.h- 

 leggod " beagle is just as well established as a separate and dis- 

 tinct breed or dogs as the Cordon setter or the rhesapeake May 

 dogs are, etc. As the Doctor has taken the Cordon setter for au 

 example, f wish to call the atti nlimi of the reader,, of this articlo 

 to the following, which was written by or for the Doctor, and which 

 s, under date of January 8, 



ihsi, bo 



ne.-tiou as i 

 o tho follov 



follows 



fine, bet: Would vml Consider a litb r Oi 



ns under the following circunv lane-- : 

 sis, one or which is a red Irish iu appear- 

 so with each litter: the bet was made 



on were tO decide it. The an-Wel to the 



(del 



of 



9 who hi 



lie to tha 

 paper ; a: 



Of the W 



• of tho old Hi 

 ik fern lor t.1 

 id last, but not least, pi 



* to ask for a. 

 ion is worth- 

 as well as of 



I'eagleS.' 



Editor Forest aud Stream : 



I am pleased to be able t 



the introduction of the") 



Marvlaml. In 1813, Cnl, 3 



f RttgisU) 



e io thank the 

 ol Club tor then- wi.-dmn in not 

 novation styled "licnch-legged 



liKAOl.liS. 



jEsstrrs, Mn. 



pack by 



•I bell 



mud i 



lltl' 



England. Col. Sim 

 ' Paymaat 

 ), Itoxhut' 

 1 by Hon. 



sounty, ' I 



Andrews 



. Ii. 



■ I hat 

 uovvde 



Baltii 



resented 



c these hounds to 

 ral), 0. S. Army, 



Moiitgoniiri ('"., 

 ie Davis, and thia 

 irta- 

 lu- 



ll, (i,h 



disti 



Md 



i ol 



embers 

 shape, size and 

 rded prizes at 



tho late i'aviea-ier i . 

 thuorigiunl pair, and snvs thev 'were very 

 color to the pair Doll aud Dale that 

 Piltsburgh.-FiiANi; A Bos*. 



THOSE NERVOUS DOCS— Hillsdale, Mich. --Iu your lssuu of 

 tho 17th 1 find the following statement over the signature of 

 ■•Homo." It is a ract that tew breeders will deny that .all blue- 

 blooded dogs, the Laveraek setter iu particular, are as amleesces- 



ively 



sin- 



apt to bo 



least superior to 

 so far as it itppl 

 many of both b 





"boltei 



■I at ii 



As 



ohs 



, br 



; are 

 d at 



• fesi 



are natural hunters, 

 bred hut two have 01 

 made afraid of ever' 

 killing chickens. C 

 Jly bold. 



, to cither l.lcwcllii: 

 leds, Bspeaially of 



utho coarsest .native. 



if LA 



has 



, had;.!-. 



■elt. 



nd instinctively lo- 



ing aud rrc 

 rrespondenci 

 i what 1 deem 



rilten himself into 



eight 





asi pron 

 who do 



in In -ia In.; 



character, and his information, such as il h 

 with the hope of inducing the public to regar. 

 the first class. Those who know hun will tak 

 the propor degree of allowance, and those wl 

 far better guide iu any of the host of aotui 

 over tho country. 



A DISCUS! ED SPORTSMAN"— Cedar Poi 

 land Co.. Vs., March lz.-'l'o mv mind, as a 

 field trials are excellent institutions in themsi 



thev wore instituted for the purpose of intro 



lar strain of dogs to please the gentlemen 



about as niuoh idea of the good points of a d _ 



him as they do to handle him after he is thoro..„ 



that they also proved an excellent advertising card for breeders 



and professional handlers, affording an opportunity to gamble in a 





ertiou i 



i toto, 

 vo bred 



-ctt... 





1 hi 





id 



h"V 



uovor 



' i" It 



r , 



olira 



go, loss 



•ss. 



11, 



• I.I 



wi Kins 



r'",', ! ' 



e 



fall 

 il, . 



1 have 

 se was 



I.I. r 



I,-. ; 



;;' b 



r from 



the 



. '." 



rid ■. 



breed 



OSS. I 



b 1' 



ltd 



-h i 



rccders 



mpi.t 



ait 





matioii 



ally 





-lo. 



. As I 



.• ha 



1 ; 



leri 



to p 



;.. Mr. 



the St 

 jintcrs. 



end! 





," h 



pilil 



,n may 



• thai 



rn 





eiiencc 



t brief 



and 



limited 



null 



-I 



fron 



bonks 



h,;r 



.,.. 



. rl.r 



star of 



• hi- 



IIS- 



rtl.. 



is with 



,,,],. 





will 



find a 



1 br< 



Al:> 



the 



,1. 



-a 



'' 



lit 



> Bu 



,1-,'i" 

 ietl 



irost 



w .la 



uttered 



Oooch- 

 tsman, 

 rly Car- 

 ey have 

 g their 

 'of the 

 pa since 

 id that 

 particu- 

 ru have 

 o break 



mug 



■,iv 



hr.. 



.en, and 



