252 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



[April 28.U881 



statement of Captain While, of the r. 



■ , ortcd llio c:iiilm« . south of 



Kodiak, of 250 fish weighing l.bhly io fortv pounds each with 



twenty lines having fonr or rive hooks each. This number w 



l:.!..:!! ill two ho,,!-. 



From th. Ni w turk rimes of July 15, 187fi, I extract a sentence 

 by William 8. Dodge, rorniurly Mayor i f Sitka, to the effect that: 

 '•At Kodiak Henry Kiehard ... .!.. nncii, oailgbt 



illotio, with hook ami lino, within the laet -is months, 22,000 ood." 



Captain Andr 



ten u 



u See 



rage catch 



with the Shumagin 

 ■nee, affirms Uiat hell 

 ,vhon that ih found. 



us thai thegreal want 

 istomcr as Gloucester 

 d- of .-ails where now 

 y indication that full 



day. and that hi 

 daily. 



Mr. D. C. Bon-en i.tated that John MeOatlnino and a man named 

 SuYlthmugbt 1,700 end in a day on one trawl ( a 12-line Irawl of COD 

 or 700 huol a) in (':!.'.. Btraits. "Their average catch was '1,200 Ash. 



of 187(3, says: "One man. n'.oar.l tin. schooner BetaULVlrfoh ai- 



oanght during a soason of four months. 



Captain .1. > . t 'at 

 Qsher] ever Binco t 

 are plenty i uough l 

 The evidence of'all 

 is not Bal 



would whiten the C 

 there ore leas than 

 (area will repay the 



As to thu inliueneo of Hulling and its accompanying practices, wo 

 have information from onlv two points- -St. Paul, Kodiak and 

 finite Cove, Shumagin. Capt, II. B. Boweh, of the. former place, 

 says that cod arc an abundant there now as they wore whin white 

 man begun fishing; (hat (heir humiU and habits have not been 

 changed bv the iuilnenco of man. and their numbers have not 

 been diminished by overfishing. Trawls have never been used in 

 that vicinilv. lb- regards the practice of throwing gurrv over- 

 board as injurious to the fishery ; the cod, ho uavs, will leave and 

 lh<irplaccVelak<ii l,y BOUlpinft 



the hook freely. The lost gear attendant upon trawling has a bad 

 effect upon the fishery. 



Tho food c 

 asinlheAtl: 

 suffer from i 

 especial likin 

 dorful abunc 

 hoiothurian- 



l as plentiful and as varied 

 of mutable size are liable to 

 species for which it has au 

 ■-. There, is r, won- 

 imals, such as squid, shrimp, 

 lea-fleas, and. in short, Just 



v lisheiiiiaii on the (•astern 

 fishing grounds fairly swarm 

 aranta of the cod. The nsh 

 f oSol the cud are hemng 



with this kind of lib- -T.ile.J-:.- : Ih 



which constitute in largo measure tl 



(C,'«/'.-n miriihilluX oapelin i Mil W«.- (....-.. laid ( An.muiO/li's), 



halibut (IRppoglosxiis ni/././n's'). whiting or England hake < Pi-lla- 



ohius cWoogram . ' sculpins 



traohuwB, also Coitus polyacanQioctyihctlw!\ and yellow tish or 

 Striped fish i PleuragrarMnut 



cod are swallowed by older ones. I h; v. s, .-:: :, -i-eeies of Liporls 

 rromacod stomach on Portlock bank. IK. yellow fish is the bast 

 bait for cod, according to (.'apt. Anderson and Oapt Caton 

 Another food fish of the cod is worthy of mention here, because of 

 the Intend whiob attaches to it's eonmon name of •■Ouak" 

 (BaQtymasler *ij/>mf(«) ftBpsoieB my different, indeed from the 

 outtk which Is so much oaten for cod in the eastern stales. 



Mr. Divine savs that sick cod are sometimes seen feeding at the 

 surface, and sometimes healthy fish will .base bait up. In this 

 way yellow fish "ill attract cod to Hie surface and capohu will also. 

 I have counted fortv ciipeiin in one cod taken on Portloek hank 

 July 8, 1880. 



BliPHODI. TI">. 



According to Mr. D, C. Bowen, cod about Kodiak come ou the 

 rocks in twenty-live to thirty fathoms, spawning in November and 

 December. Capfe. II. 1!. llowon. of the same island, states that 

 Odd, full of eggs, arc caught in l-Vbrusry : the eggs arc very light 



i me that cod Bpawn around theShu- 



r. hen spawning. 'Mr. I >. C. Ilowen Bays: that at certain 

 time - spawning cod will lie perfectly still on the bottom and not 

 take the nook. 



Mr. Thomas I), ■vim l.lls me that the Shumagin e..,l -| awn in 

 from ton to fifteen fathoms of -water in January and February ; 

 the size and color of the eggs arc (he same as in the Eastern cod. 

 The wharf al the Pirate Cove flshing-Btation is sometimes covered 



ih..- females are short 

 has recognized as such were si 

 May or June. The smallest o 

 six inches long : they made th 

 m company with the old fish. 



Ou the (ilh or July, 1SS0, \ 

 Cove, Port Chatham. Cook's 



iffsky, onthePenini 



t'lm following day, wnlle lying 

 eod one and one-half inches 1. 

 large one. 



i in the l,-t and 2d of Octol 

 hoadof Chcrnoffskv Bitty, One 



the same month we saw' them in great numbers swimming aronnu 

 the wharves at Iliuliuk, I'nala-hka. vciy active and wonderfully 

 greedy. We ,„:..-. t bei ef. to, say thai from May to Ootober at loaat 

 young cod are found in .-hallow water near the shore, and that 

 about" the middle, of the latter mouth thev have reached an aver- 

 age length of four or live inches. At Iliuliuk. when a. jig or a 

 baited book was let down into the. water it would be at once sur- 

 rounded hva throng of nibbling fry. nol at all frightened by the 

 presence and aniios of mlmerori • small boy . These small lish fre- 

 • |in idly succeeded in fastening themselves on the hooks, and were 

 palled out on the wharf, eillK r to be eaten or used as bait or 

 thrown awav, 



ENEMIES, FATALITIES, ETC. 



As a rule all large cod caught in harbors 

 (in the 24th of June. ' 

 Vaiiiitat Bay, trial 



stout and heavy but sick and unfit for 

 not bright red as in a hcaltln llr-h, but dul 

 of the body were, also dull. Numerous pn 

 lerually. ami tin- abdominal vucera were i 



■■ 



■ >F TJi 



in by (.^ 



cd many 



i una 

 ud t! 

 t. Bo 

 bout 



le 



n 



-t codli 

 apnea 



ly, am 



id ill 1 



-h be 

 ed ill 

 also, 

 were 



efugo 

 than 



west 'sid 

 is found 



seined m 



e of 

 u th( 



)! 



■nv isi 

 toman] 



g cod 



, (hi l 



Hi! 



nd, a 



it the 



ill. of 



i deformed cod in the vicinity 

 non. He has frequently no- 

 aiid especially on the head. 



iy quantity al or near Pirato 

 could heave up hundreds of 

 in would lake cod long, thin 

 o boue yon might " read the 



Mr. Deviae mentions, as external parasites found on Shumagin 

 cod, "eiiltle-hsh, whelks, worms and Ush-hce." Tho commonest 

 external parasites observed by me were small lonifcans. 



Around Kodiak seals and ipou cod, frequently 



taking them from (he line, according to Captain Bowen. 



Mr. 1 'rvitie (ells me that sharks are very abundant about the 



SI an in- and I er\ desti uitivelo cod ; dogfish (Squalus aennihias) 



a. oi'i*. ;- Itpon codJbnt fcheyare not abundant We caught eom- 

 is,iaiu,!v f. w dogfish during the summer— one at Port Altliorp, 

 one on Portloek bank and many at Sitka. 



-!:..a 

 in 1 

 in k 



water are s 

 •oil Mnlgr 

 oclh. ami 



ok, 



He M 

 accoinpl 



THE DETHOIT HATCHERY. 



Detboit, Mien.. April In. 



OFFICIAL information has been given out that the. Wilding oc- 

 cupied by the State Fish Katchorvin Detroit ia ill-arranged 

 :-:-i..ii..i-s have determined to seek an- 

 •r WorkM deinand pay f Oi' every pint 

 -i-v, and with thai Shylookian fact to 



cupie 

 ana so rotten that tho commi - 

 oth.r habitat. The oitj Watoi 

 of water used at the hatch.-i 

 confront them ihev do not thii 

 concern. It is said that lie 

 States whiet 



th. r. 



of o 



.iil-i 



liich s, 

 V to Pe 



friend Kellogg v 

 vised as to any in 



present water' l»> 



been obliged (<> u-.- it f 

 public good I do not i 

 pound of tlosh for tho 



1 foot of Lake Huron, 

 ion will be free. Uc- 

 his kind of business, 

 :■ Pish Commissioners 

 natbr, and f suppose 

 l.ui am SritEAiiad- 

 iourd mav take. Tho 

 liberal cental for the 

 Icr to make the water 



I.THIICCXTrilE IN Nl'W HAMl'SIUlilv- -At the recent meot- 



Uagua, Mr. a. H, 



the batobiug-houso at Ph-month. 



O! the 

 > salmon fry 



rmore Falls', 

 I in various 



trout and 

 urlher says : 

 tri.nl Bggs ; 



Lake Win- 



of theN'ew Hj 

 Powers, superintendent of f 

 called upon and gave a detai 



had been placed in tl:' IVi'iii- 

 and that "O.OOO fry of the bio 

 waters ; 07,000 land-locked 



Liaiid. which have batched, a 

 Baibling to plant, 

 There were some 220,000 I 



Mr I.nther Hayes, of Milt -n. al.-.i one Of the commi-siom is, 

 WIIB called upon. He reported that wherever he had bun, the 

 people were well pleased with what hid boon accompli 

 had spared no pains to further the plans of the commissioners and 

 entertain them. 



Fish Commissioner Webber spoke Of the German lish, and fur- 

 nished undoubted reports oi the success which had been met with 

 in introducing thiB fish into American waters. Ho stated that the 

 i-reaUsi obstaole to fish propagation was the use of the spear and 

 net on the spawning beds. If ibis ean bo slopped there can he no 

 doubt but that wc shall have plenty of lish lie believed the low- 

 water in the .Merrimack last summer was the only reason why 

 salmon were not seen in abundance, aud with a fair quantity of 

 ■ cniii',' season expected to see urmv of them. He sug- 

 gested that (he establishment of a branch lish and game leaguo in 



FKANK liCCKI.ANH MEMOBIAL FUND— 34 Portland Place, 

 London, W. -A proposal has keen made by Some of the friends of 



THE OULTURE OF CAKI' AND COSSTHUCTION OF PONDS.* 



1.— ITS AOA!-T.U!JUTV TO AltTinriAI. (TI.TUlVE, 



r piIF, conclusion from what has been said will be. that the carp 

 - 1 - is excellently qnalified for culture in inclosed waters, as arti- 

 ficial jucids, and also for the stocking of open waters, such as 

 riveffl -in -1 lakes, 'orwhatis called ' 



It is in the power of tho cultnr 

 aitifieial impregnations and liatchiL 

 crease of this G»h, with its abundanc 

 as well for fresh water as most prob: 

 fact of its occuring in the salt waste 

 ijiientlv in that or the Adriatic Sea, \ 



There is no other fish which will, 

 as advantageous as tho carp. Its f 

 its easy adaptability to all waters, i 

 and even salt water estuaries, its r< 

 value lib a food tish, are its host rec< 



2. — TUB LOCALITIES HF.ST AllAVTIJI TO .\ ■ A1IT PON11. 



I will try to doscribe, in the first place, the manner in which 



U to prodm:-. by means of 

 , as also bv the natural in- 

 ert eggs, any amount of fry, 

 1) also for salt water, as tho 

 of the Black, and very I're- 

 II demonstrate, 

 nth proper management, ho 

 igality iu regard to its food, 

 takes and ponds, 

 nk.r. lap: 1 growth, and its 



carp culture in pouds : 



...... i.lly. xplaii 



If illtcl 

 ;rtli 



couduoted h 



y its inlrodir 



Central ! 





ml subs. 



the 



olio 



I to 



[S there 

 poses, for the summer as well as winter '.' 



2 Is the ground, soil and water favorable for culture V 



i. 11. is important to examine the hind minutely, in order to Ibid 

 what are the components of the soil, for not every kind of soil is 

 suitable for carp culture. 



4. it ought to be decided from tho commencement how largo 

 the establishment is intended to be, whether only for private use 

 and pleasure, or whether wholesale production of the fish as an 

 article of trade is contemplated. 



If points 1 and 2 have been satisfactorily settled, then the 

 ground must be examined, particularly whether if is so eouslitut. d 

 as not to allow the collected water In penetrate, and whether tho 

 ground is sandy or loamv, Above all. it must not be uegleoted to 

 measure tho depth of Ihe stratum which holdt- tho water, and to bo 

 fullv assured that it is suliicientlv impermeable I o withstand tho 

 prossuroof the water and to hii:d.>r its oo'.ng through, so as to 

 prevent the consequent drying up of the poud. 



A rocky, gravelly ground is not appropriate for carp culture. 

 Sandy ground, without a considerable mixture of loam, clay and 

 humus, is of small use. I speak here of largo ponds of consider- 

 able extent. Small ponds with a sandy bottom may be improved 

 by supplying them with loam, as it. is frequently doiio in agricul- 

 ture. 



Loam is a mixture of a small per centum, of sand and a largor 

 quantity of clay, and is suitablo for pouds. If such ground con- 

 tains some marl, or, better, some little elements of humus, it is of 

 the greatest advautagu for lisheulluro. These constituents of 

 humus, if dissolved, give (he water a yellow, muddy color: and 

 this water 



inicroecop 



class of creatur.-. ana represoui morei 

 food of the pond, on which, iu its tin 

 sustenance. Too much humus or d 

 Water which rims through bog meadc 

 much use, because it contains too mut 

 (hose impart a moldy taste Io the lish. 

 Of gvpsilcroiH earth, carbonate of limi 



the support of a largor 



■ Hi: 



)hl,l 



1 Of 



i depends for its 



•at is injurious. 



IS .■•( of 



cid and tin 



lount 

 Iphate of h 

 jnrious also. Should any mineral spvino lull into a pond thev 

 must be turned off. The most favorable water will always be that 

 which comes from rivers and brooks. Ponds might bo oousti'ucted 

 which would till Iheiuselves with raiu-watei during (he winterer 

 at any other lime, but such water takes a moldv laste easily, which 

 i.mnicato to the fishes, as floes the water from bogs 



In Europe, Experience has shown that water coming from fertile 

 tivlds and' meadows, carrying with it particles of offal from vil- 

 lages, is best adapted for carp culture. 



Spring water ducct from the ground is not favorable, and ought 

 to be conducted for at least a few hundred yards through wide, 

 shallow dit.he.i, inoi.hr to roeciw more nourishing components 

 from (he air as well as the. carl h, and ab.iv.- all to I- 

 some oxtout by the fun and warm air. 



A (raetPf laud, such as above described tut 

 sip for a pond, il'in other particulars thegrou 

 not too great a fall. If this were th.- caso, 

 dams would be required for the col lent ion 

 Cos! largo sums if constructed of good water 



A low undulating country, with only shg 

 where tho small valleys ale easily . 

 BOSOOf forming roservoirs, is favorable, th. 

 dams involving comparatively trilling expeu 



3.— TIIE OONSTHI-. -HON 0* lOT 



Ponds must not be too deep, as the water 

 harbor fewer insects, larva- and worms, wl 

 carp's food ; besides, this lish doi a 

 A depth of three feet in the center of the 

 ward I he outlet-sluico it may be fi 

 only f..r an area of from 200— 1,C0 

 of thil •• rollectoi" the lishes seek Ih.n ■ ivs 

 ter, ai.d . l-u in summer, when the water is : 

 The outer part of the pond should 

 the distance of about 10 or 100 feet, bo thai i 

 wi.rme.1 more thorough!) by the sun. 



Toward the center of (he pond, :... I . 

 a cavity of from twenty to iiliv iVi i in !-ngi 

 than Ihe rest of the ground should be du 

 fishes for a resting-place in summer and « 

 lied a " kettle," though the ap 



■alili" 



nt ii 



■lltl.l-.-li 



: and the 

 I of two o.t in depth and fom- 

 ent the deeper ••kettle." tri 

 These ditches are intended 

 lector when tie pond is ben. 



near the edge, 

 in one foot for 



e collector, 

 into the col- 

 • is nothing 

 .i-eadth near 



HYBRID THOIT.- Woithville. Mich... April 13. -On the 25th 

 nit, Mr. I . N. Clark took 521 bggfl r.om two California trout, and 

 fertilized them with mill from a brook tlout, 



.able to decide positively that impregnation had been 



i-lnd "ben he was called a 

 mi i ■ drop von a lius a 



the 

 stber 



list,, and rO- 



as .1,- 



iritsrv 



Ini 



Cei 



area, which i 

 incut of about one-third uiaj: 

 The , allow of water into tli 

 direut : as, for instance, a br 

 it:,- .cit to rise at an iuoj 



ret the lish were quite 

 on the 8th of duly a healthy c 



t. three large 



siolt, their ab- 



JIT a 'bad odor, 



: '. inches long and blind in 

 both eyes was canght on a hOOb in I', n. r:, album mar the entrance 

 ' let The li-h ■' ■ .:■..:■ .■■■ '. " !'r. m para-it' s. H- 

 stomach contained only the h. rring «ilii which the hook was baited. 

 Instead of the transparent aipi'-ous hiiiuor m the anterior chamber 

 :',:,. while snhslanee, the result, doubt- 

 longer than the blind one) seemed to be perfectly healthy, but 

 there were numerous small worms onthe intestines. In us stomach 

 were an . I m.mo <(•//, s, a. little wad of kelp and a pebble. 



In examining a fresh lish caught near Sitka I found the insido of 

 its mouth containing many leiiuean parasite-. 



however, than iu the 

 date (April 13) forty, 

 edlv niuuty-llveperi 



HATCHING THE i 

 eggs have hatched. 1 



.-. ■ ;g hatahodFeb 

 lie large, but no uioi 

 >Jo doubt some of the egg., were .-hilled whet 

 still I have a good lot of healthy fish. Nun. hoi 

 arrived, 5,000; died since, 6,51fr. Total, 11,51! 

 000 or more to plant in Newfound Lake, as that 

 to be planted an I understand it. -A. II. Powej 



what thicker, 

 io the present 

 liich uudoitbt- 



. H.— The Saibling 

 •_'s, the last March 

 • than 1 looked for. 



■atei 



idi. 



i-lioi 



did 



earn muRt ofconrso ha of a strong 

 ,hot an overflow is impossible, and 

 th gratings to prevent othi 



iiditii.n for Ihe culture in puiida, accord- 



and practi :.l I 

 thoy ought to 

 from intruding. 



It is an indispensable ci 

 ing to established rules, t 

 being thoroughly draincii, 

 without any dilliculty. '1 h 

 description as to permit t 



• Cam and Its Culture in Kivcrs and Lakes, and 



in unerica," being Parr IV. of the Keport of die i 3, V\ at 



iton, it.TG-T0. 



