April 28, 1881.] 



FOREST AND STREAM, 



253 



111 Europe ponds of from 10 to ?,d0d Hi d ■ Isti nl .■■ frequently 

 lobe found, which, after having be. I houltflre for S 



thno, are dried up, and eon. 



planted on the eh. u:..b "i ho- , .,■. ,-. .,,,.. :,... ..,..■ 

 fishculture. I meqtion this uimply in order to show that tho soil 

 gains by this manipulation not, only for fbdicuHur,. , u ■•"-■• '■■ 

 agriculture. If the soil at the bottom of ponda bus been freed 

 from the humic acid by vegetation, after beii : plowed and exposed 

 to the air thoroughly,' hshes will thrivi ii i Ink well in them. 

 This I intend as a suggestion particularly fez farmers, who would 

 wish to establish a small pond of perhaps live or nix acres size, to 

 show that the soil Of their laud \\ oukl not ipse, but rather gain' hj 

 doing so. Agriculture and eaiTMSVuture go hand in hand m some 

 Central European countries and form a land of ci.i..' ' 

 another, To-day a piece of ground may be v. held or fertile 

 meadow; next year it will be found to bo a productive pond, to 

 serve again one or two veins later Its first purpose. 



if the size, of the principal ai.idsuo.pleueoiuiu". pvt.U ha? been de- 

 cided on, the height, depth and width must be measured, and the 

 levels of the ground and dams, if such are needed, should be care- 

 fully taken. The leveling of the bottom U required to assist in 

 the determination of the depth of the ditches, " kettles,'* collector, 

 and outlet to be dug in it. 



;, ease, espacial'v 





•iae ti, ih: 



venter uu:-o h 





rough the 



'.cover bv dee 





Hv of (bin 



sry large ponds, tl 



ee.e u 



j overflow 



In the 

 lie constructed of the v 

 against the destructive 

 three times as wide at i 

 width should be the c-ai 

 side should bo less mclir 



Before the foi 



i most important that it 

 to as to make it secure 

 water. It ought to bo 

 ligh, and at the top the 



iterir 



W.'lte 



nd where it i 



stand must be dug out to a depth of tw. 

 to five feet throughout the whole length of it. If the ground dc 

 not consist of loam it must be filled up with it about one fo 

 deep, and this must be tamped down hard. A second layer fol- 



lows aud is disposed of 

 the clay being moistened every tin: 

 down solidly. This lower stratun 

 dam, which is formed from the c; 

 vicinity. This is continued until 

 must lie. taken, however, that the i 

 of this lower stratum he done in hi 

 clay he used. In thia manner the 

 become a very tenacious mass, w. 

 !■■ i'i ale. The completion of thii 

 of ultimate satisfaction, as many d 

 after the filling of the pond, will 

 ageucy. The dam should not he n 

 summer-, during the great boat, ; 

 that, side most exposed to the sui 

 come full of fissures, through wli 

 this might become disastrous for t 



On account of the required 

 kept in view, that such newt 



This is repeated, 

 : if required, and then beaten 



is but the foundation of the 

 rih dug out of the pond or its 



the dam is completed. Care 

 ■instruction and tamping down 



ers aud that nothing but good 

 laterial of the foundation will 

 ich will not allow any water to 

 laborious task will be a source 

 <ad vantages, which might arise 

 ith through it 



mtirely of cUv 



vol lid fir; 



ibth 



o establish 



tlet-sluiecs, c 



ited da 



I Cl- 



int too 

 itly it 

 mid c. 



eeit. 



mid- 

 much ou 

 could be- 

 ;ape, and 



. , the fact must bo 



is will sink 10 par 



cent, after a lapse of time of littlo more than a year, with the ex- 

 ception of that portion which has been solidly made. The dam 

 should be sodded. For the draining of the pond, at the " fishing 

 cut" season, it should have an outlet at the lower end, if no other 

 advantageous arrangements can be made for the purpose. The 

 use of wood-work for the channel should be avoided, its durability 

 not Vicing sufficient. The most desirable construction would be 

 that the outlet channel consist either of masom-y-work or water- 

 pipes, which may be made either of clay or iron. This channel or 

 pipe must be so made that it can be closed tightly or opened again 

 readily if needed, and must bo provided with two or three-fold 

 ei'iiiiiiy to p.ieveui the escape of the lislies upon the opening of 



sluice. At thi 

 several feet in breadth, at tl 

 to run off. This must also 

 kept open always, so that in c 

 den and violent showers of ri 

 of: the banks or dams may 

 rising of the water iu the poi 

 acres extent (some have a s 

 have generally and 



tide 



f tin 



Id he 



• possible thro 

 . Large lis], ponds 

 [•face of 1.200. 1.500 

 to their size two 



outlet-channel, 

 , r,o allow the water 

 ;ing, but should bo 

 illy weather or sud- 

 rnis no overflowing 

 h the unexpected 

 ids of several hnn- 

 or 2,000 acres) 

 three outlets I 



have described, and which pass underneath the dam. The . _. 

 flow from these is usually regulated by adjustment of the flood- 

 gates from the top of the dam. 



The so-called " Jlonehe" (monks) are wooden boxes, which 

 stand in the pond at a distance of a few feet from the dam. They 

 are perforated like a sieve, or are provided with small adjustable 

 boards, and wooden pipes rim from them through the dam. In 

 Bohemia they are called " carp houses." They arc, however, rarely 

 UBod in large establishments at present, only such culturists tnak- 

 ng use of them who have but small breeding-ponds at their com- 

 mand and carry on culture on a small scale. These locks suffer 

 iter, air and sun, as also from the pressure of 

 thai: I, hey rem' ' 



too much from the 



the ice in winter, 



parly date after thi 



purpose fully In small ponds, especia 



are intended* for pleasure or expuriino 



There are so many different ways i 

 ranoau sewers, that I may as well p 

 more particularly to the department 

 province of the culturist to find fo: 

 the best and most practical method ii 



If it be desired to make use of 



; but the< 

 smaller p 



nd:-. 



e- their 

 which 



constructing these subter- 

 s them over ; they belong 



of hydraulics. It is the 

 himself that which will be 

 he construction of outlets. 



•al ponds, of which thi 



numbers in every State of the Uuiou, it is necessary to ascer- 

 tain whether they can be put into the proper condition for regular 

 culture. This can only be done if the influx of water can be 

 regulated and the entire drainage of the pond made possible. An 

 intreuchment will be required with such ponds in order to make 

 them dry. Trunks of trees should be taken out of them ; and 

 whore they are too deep they should bo rilled up, or, if this cannot 

 be done, they should be brought into connect ion with the above- 

 described sewers on the bottom of the pond. If this is not done 

 too many fishes will remain embedded iu the mud when the pond 

 is being drained, and this lessons the profits to a great extent. 



Should any brooks fall mto such ponds, as is oflcvu the case with 

 large ones, they must be kept under strict, observation on account 

 of possible overflows which might occur. It' it bo practicable the 

 brook had best be turned off and conducted alongside the pond, 

 when the latter can be supplied with 



g hillv territory c 

 erflow if either a 

 od ice should set in; 

 trd with the frost to 



thnn- 



lerable it would still exer- 

 -hes, as the influx of so 

 ould contain unfavorable 

 from then- winter retreat, 



V the lishes, and eventual- 



editeh alongside the pc 



Such brooks, coming from a neighbor: 

 "mountains, will frequently occasion an c 

 dcr-shower or sudden thawing of snow 

 the latter case the ground might be too 

 ow the water to ran off readily. 



If the overflow should even be ineonsK 

 cise an injurious influence upon the", tb 

 much water, which in all probability wi 

 substances, would bo apt to drive them 



In summer, sudden, 

 within a few minutes, • 

 Eg may destroy all thi 

 Btruction of reserve-f 

 bonds, .aud awidoresi 

 tined to carry off tho threatening high 

 A small dam between the pond aud brook, 

 ditoh, will sometimes answer. 



Great caution is necessary in tho selcetic 

 or the natural pond, which is to bo conver 



Overflows not only injure the ponds and fishes, hut may result 

 in a Btill worse disaster, that of carrying away the fishes into 

 strange waters and destroying the ponds. 



The fundamental rule in carp culture is that the water be of the 

 samedepth in summer and winter. If the supply of water is too 

 plentiful, great quantities of mud are carried into the pond, em- 

 bedding the grass which grews in it and ou its banks ; this, in con- 

 Sequence, will rot and poison the water. The carp immediately 

 de.-.'-rt such water on account of its cHen-he odor end retire ticim 

 their proper feeding-places to depths deficient iu the production of 

 food. 



Tne ic.iuf chicle is being cnifc. pie.ilh, i , t eco uer,:;. eon'-i.-i. e of 

 the remainders of plants. From these different gaseous com- 

 pounds develop themselves in midsummor, and the fishes become 



instead of the reserve- 



i of the site for a pond 

 rp pond 



janes develop themselves from the mud even in 

 ey rarely have any bad effects, being injurious only 

 covered by ice, when the fishes die from suffocation, 

 i large apertures are cut into tho ice for the supply 



NOTES AND QUERIES. 



Alexander's Game Bieds. — I see in your last " Answers 

 to Correspondents " that one has asked about "Game Birds." 

 by Tiros. Alexander, formerly published in the " Lakeside Li- 

 brary," which is now out of print. Thos. Alexander's books 

 on " Game Birds " and " Fish aud Fishing' " are published in 

 "Seaside Library." "Game Birds," No. 571, 20 cents; 

 "Fish mid Fishing," No. 567, 10 cents.— G. H. S. 



Major Hknky Van Wart. — lam very desirous to learn the 

 address ot Major Henry Van Wart, who came to the United 

 States 1'roiii Birmingham, England, many years ago, resided 

 awhile iu Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and afterward returned to 

 England. Any one who oau give auy information of him 

 will confer a great favor by addressing EvfiRfcra Smith, Port 

 land, Me., U/S. A. 



Will the owner of Highland Base, a red Irish setter bitch, 

 once owned by Col. Wright Reeves, of Washington, D. O., 

 please send pedigree to this office ? 



An Ohn Massachusetts Law. — In the early records of 

 Plymouth, Mass., is found the following resolution, adopted 

 at a town meeting "held att the meeting house att Ply- 

 mouth the 23 cond of Aprill 1673": "Att this meeting the 

 Towne ordered that euery man in this Towne shall procure 

 Twelue blackbirds heads six of them by the first of June 

 next, and si\ of them by the. first of October next 

 on paine of paying a fine of two Shillings for euery de- 

 feet to the use of the Towne or 2 pence apiece for see many 

 as shallbe wanting of the Dozen and if any kills more than a 

 Dozen then to hauc ponce apecee for them out of the Townes 

 stock and that the said heads be brought in by the time pre- 

 fered unto Will am Crow Jabez howland Will am harlowand 

 Will am Clarke." 



Dudley's Pocket Loader, in its newly improved shape, 

 is a most complete and satisfactory tool. We have tested its 

 working and have been much pleased with it. It extracts 

 the cartridges, removes the cap, recaps, rams the wad 

 borne and crimps the shell. It is a great improvement on the 

 same manufactuier's old style of reloader, and now fills the 

 bill. 



Bernhardt and her party have been traveling about the 

 country in the famous hunting car "City of Worcester." 

 She chartered the car last December. 



TnE Old Controversy about the manner in which a trout 

 Strikes a fly is still unabated. One man has the courage to 

 stick in his opinion, and he illustrates his belief by keeping 

 a woodcut in our advertising columns. His name is C, F. 

 Orvis, he makes tackle, and his motto when fishing is, 

 "Heads, I win; tails, you lose." 



PUBLISHERS' DEPARTMENT. 



See adv. or A 1). Fredrlcks, Game Birds o£ America. 

 Would call attention to adv. or Flying Clay Pigeon In this issue. 

 Hotabtrd Shooting Suits. ThpthegTove & Mehellan, Valpn roiso, iim 

 and children, visited the 



nil V 



clothier hi: 



may. 



S til 



line. ' 'uree" which leucines thai fuse fuel in:, tee [mi re I, iced end pure 

 Hi,.. hi funics no a health; tody, hf h. II. el 'c.e , |.iil ii .In i . If cue If. 

 Lutein street,, New York. Price, 50 cents. 



FIXTURES. 



April 2 

 Flft___ 



nun and Sixty- third street. Entries close Mail 11. Charles LI 

 Superintendent, No. lfs puii.or. street, cr P.O.Box I. Tim, New York 

 City. 



September 1, at. 1'llfsi.uiivli, To. Close or entries Pcimsvlvitniii Field 

 Trials. First Annual I'erh.v. I. Ti. seayton, secretary, Pittsburgh, 

 I'u. 



October I at New York Cl'y. Close of entries Faslcrn Field Trials. 

 'I rials commence on The elo-cr: me pay. Jacob Polity., Secretory, p. 

 O. Box 'iU, New York City. 



THE NEW YORK DOG SHOW- 



FOR the first time since the Westminster Kennel Club in- 

 stituted its annual bench shows the place of exhibition 

 has been changed, and the fifth of the annual series has found 

 a habitation and resting-place at the American Institute 

 building on Third Avenue, between Sixty-third and Sixty- 

 fourth streets. The up- town march of residents does not 

 make the Institute so much out of the way as many imagine 

 wh'o a year or two ago looked upon the " Rink " as being 

 quite out of the city. Now the elevated railroad makes it as 

 convenient a place to reach if not more so than the Madison 

 Garden, and it is not at all likely that the latter building will 

 be your selection. During the first day the attendance was 

 good, and in every way as fashionable as anything seen at 

 Madison Garden, so that all fears on that account proved 

 groundless, and even if it had not come up to the mark an- 

 other year of uptown drifting and the Institute would lie closer 

 to the best parts of the eity than the old place. The building 

 itself is vastly also superior for the purposes of a dog show, 

 the bard asphalt floor being an improvement on wood, and 

 there being no amphitheatre of seats to prevent a free circu- 

 lation of air about the building, the ventilation is of the best, 

 and the air devoid of any taint or smell from the dogs. 



For over a month the members of the committee, and the 

 Superintendont, Mr. Chas. Lincoln, have been kept close at 

 wesdi perfecting all arrangements, and the result, as witness- 

 ed by the smoothness with which everything ran on the first 

 day must have been gratifying to them. The business of 



receiving and benching the dogs proceeded without, a hitch, 

 and by the time the judging hour arrived on Tuesday morn- 

 ing a commencement could have been made if necessary. 

 The benching was well done— we mean the laying of tie 

 plan of the benching— and a good idea can be obtaiucd from 

 the following sketch : 



MACHINERY UA1.1, rolt KXFRCfSINU DOCS. 



eg 



K a F E 



Til nil) AVENUE ENTRANCE. 



A— -Superintendent's office, 



BB— Judpces rluic-;. each 4:> reef, by 3-f feet 



CCO— r.rirge dot's, from No. 1 to No. 50— mastiffs and St. Bernards; 

 fi.jfcirii!f..us between. 

 DDD— Large dogs, No. 61 to No. 100— Xewfoundlands, Siberians or 



If I LB. el' : le.iilnis end heel leniml . 



EE— llogsfrom No. ltd to aim— pointers, champion and Imported 



FF— Hogs from No. ltd to tfo. fin: -native English sei tors, block anfl 

 can setters, and champion Irish ,-,ci or, 



GG— Docs from No. 501 to Xo. ooo— Irish Betters, Irish water spaniels 

 a.nn field spaniels. 



HH- Dogs from No. ism to No. still— Cocker spaniel-,, held spanielB, 

 foxhounds, beagles, dachshund,-, fox terriers and collies. 



I— Dogs from No. soi to No. mho— bulldogs, bull terriers, Stye ter- 

 riers, piiee, rough-hatred terrh-is and biaeh end ten terriers. 



K— Toy and small dugs ami nils.eeliaiiei.fi3 classes. 



At the northwest corner of the building the club dogs were 

 benched with old Sensation at the head of the group. He 

 was not looking up to bench condition, and a hump on his 

 side, caused by a bite, did not improve his appearance. JNcxt 

 to the W. K. C. dogs came the mastiffs, and all along Ihe 

 northern and southern walls of the building the large dogs 

 were placed. Pointers began again at the northwest corner 

 of the parallel rows of double benches on the centre floor, and 

 the numbers ran in regular rotation up one side and down 

 the other, winding up at the southeast corner with toy and 

 little fancy pets. This year there was little display of fancy 

 decorations in the stalls, and we think it would be well to 

 have all show T s alike in plain stalls for straw beds, and let 

 the dog speak for its quality without the help of outside at- 

 tractions. 



From what we have seen in the ring and also by walking 

 around the benches we are thoroughly of the opinion that 

 this is the best collection of dogs ever seen here. Numbers 

 are fewer than last year, but that is more than compensated 

 for by the absence of three or four hundred dogs with no 

 possible chance of success, and now we have classes made up 

 of dogs of quality instead of mixed and ragged looking 

 groups. The judges selected had to do their duty single- 

 handed, and the classes were divided as follows : Mastiffs, 

 St. Bernards, Newfoundlands, Siberian or 171m dogs and 

 deerhounds, Mr. Paul Dana, of New York City ; greyhounds, 

 black and tan setters, foxhounds and miscellaneous class, 

 Hon. John S. Wise, Richmond, Va.; pointers, Mr. S. T. 

 Hammond, Springfield, Mass.; champion, imported and na- 

 tive English setters, Irish setters and beagles, Major J. M. 

 Taylor, of Lexington, Ky.; spaniels (all classes), dach- 

 shunds, fox terriers, collies, bulldogs, bull terriers, Skye ter- 

 riers, pugs, rough-hiiirei.l terriers, black and tan terriers, 

 Dandie Dinmont terriers, Irish terriers, Yorkshire toys. King 

 Charles or Blenheim spaniels, Japanese spaniels and Italian 

 greyhounds, Dr. J. S. Niven, London, Ontario. 



Mr. Dana and Major Taylor began their duties about 

 half-past eleven o'clock, and the former was through early, 

 having fortunately very light classes to adjudicate upon. 

 We say fortunately, because his work was doiW in such a 

 manner as to leave but one opinion as to bis capacity for 

 the office and knowledge of dogs. \\ e shall speak our mind 

 very freely on his awards. Major Taylor is a. gentleman 

 who, is in every way qualified for the duties lie undertook 

 and gave the greatest satisfaction, and Dr. Niven is another 

 gentleman who knew what he was about. The classes 

 Judged by Mr. Dana were finished first, and will be first no- 

 ticed . 



Mastiffs.— The best were in the open classes, Turk and 

 Leat being the only entries in the champion classes. Salis- 

 bury is the best dog of the breed we have ever seen, a typi- 

 cal head, legs of the best and a good tail, but a poor, thin- 

 muzzled dog called Grim was given first prize. Gruth, the 

 second, was better than first, and Salisbury — well, it was 

 like comparing a thoroughbred and a Canadian pony — a 

 shocking decision. Creole was the only good bitch, aud she 

 also was given the "special offered lry Mr. Moore for the best 

 mastiff. "Salisbury, of course, should have been first in dogs, 

 and got the special, 



Sr. Bernards.— Very ordinary classes of this grand dog. 

 Don is smooth-coated and Turk (second) rough-coated, being 

 in the best in their subdivisions. Barry, the winning dog, 

 does not look like a pure 8t. Bernard. 



Newfoundlands. — Mayor of Bingle}', the best dog seen 

 in America, won from three poor specimens ; and only one 

 bitch, Flora, being entered, and she very moderate, first prize 

 was withheld. 



Sibkeiak of. ITlm Dogs.— Caro is a fine, large dog ; Lyon 

 is not a good one, but Rex is, and Mr. Dana must have over- 

 looked him entirely. 



Deeehounds. - Haeo, a very good dog of seventeen months, 

 won easily from Sir Walter. 



