476 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



[Jtot 14, 1881. 



Bliiemsiiing in Buzzard's Bav.— Boston, Mass., July n. 

 — Thanks for your information. Have been to Mattapoisett 

 and fished for bluefish yesterday, with eelskin over a jig. 

 The fish seem to keep almost entirely above Bird Island 

 light. We had baffling -winds getting there, but had about 

 an hour on the grounds, and caught six, weighing from 3 to 

 8 pounds. These we caught off the Great Hill House, Marion, 

 about a mile out. We lost a number more. Several boatB 

 were cruising about, and we bailed one party who had only 

 taken three. I think if we had time we could have caught a 

 good number. We will go down again later, and spend 

 more time. If persons go to fish in Buzzard's Bay from 

 Mattapoisett and intend to stop at the Mattapoisett House, 

 they would do well to make their terms beforehand.— W. ft. 

 G. 



Balmon in Maine.— The Belfas 

 'The close season for salmon i 



of July. The season he 

 vicinity, the catch not In 

 ory recently established 

 every second year. Tw 

 tiful and ran small ; the 

 ten to twelve pound fish. 



'■I hunt Jour n id Kays : 

 ,e begins on the 15th 

 not been a successful one in this 

 tag ball that of last year. The thc- 

 > that the fish return to our rivers 

 years ago the tish were very plen- 

 tarjjer quantity caught were from 

 This year the same school should 

 have returned, bat has not done so. This rather conilicts 

 with the above theory. Again, the fish appear very differ- 

 ent, running very large. Mr. Collins, of this city, who buys 

 largely, says the fish this season rarely go below eighteen 

 pounds, the average weight being much" greater. Salmon 

 have this year frequented streams where their presence has not 

 been known for years. Verona and Lincolnville have been 

 the best fishing grounds this season." 



Stkifbd Babs in th« Potomac. — The largest of the season 

 is recorded by Major J. II. King, in the fiermnnt<nvn 7Wc- 

 graph, as follows: Mr. Shaffer, a well-known angler of 

 Washington, IX C, on Saturday the 18th inst... Captured in 

 the Potdmoc, at Little Palls, three miles west of this city, a 

 magnificent striped rockfish which carried the beam down to 

 15i pounds, and measured thirty-six inches— or three feet- 

 iu length. This noble specimen was on exhibition at that 

 old and noted fisherman's resort, Johnnie Hancock's Old 

 Curiosity Shop Restaurant, 1,231 Penn. ave. Mr. H. is 

 known as the " boss fisherman of the Potomac," and has on 

 exhibition a large and interesting collection of curiosities. 



Salmon in Canada.— In our issue of June 30 we Teferred 

 to a large salmon taken by Mr. Gilbert E. Jones, of New 

 York, a member of the Kcsligouche Salmon Club. The fol- 

 lowing is his score for five days. The fish were all taken 

 with the "Silver Pophani" fly except one which was captured 

 with the Silver Doo?on 



June 18, 3 fish ; 104, 22, 22 >, = 04 lbs. 



June 22, 3 fish | 27* 28, 18 = 71 lbs. 



June 23, 3 fish : 23; 2-3, 38 = 80 lbs. 



June 24, 1 fish j 29. — — = 29 lbs. 



June 25, 1 fish ; 20, — — = 20 .lbs. 

 Total, 11 fish, weighing 270 lbs. averaging 34A lbs. each. 



Thk Stone Luggeb. — In our issue of June 33 we printed 

 a letter from our correspondent, D. H. B, of Syracuse, Ef, 

 'ST.. on the subject of a fish which builds mounds in the St. 

 Lawrence River. Since that we have received a specimen 

 of the fish from Mr. Geo. h. Davis, Vice-President of the 

 Round Island Park Association at Clayton. I* seems thai 

 this cypriuoid is quite common at the famous angling place 

 among the Thousand Islands. The fish is preserved in 

 fluid, and will be diagnosed at an early day and the result 

 given. 



Thb TJ. S. Fisrt Commission.— The Commission will pur- 

 sue their summer investigations at Wood's Hole, Mass. The 

 Pish Hawk is now on the way there to pursue the deep 

 sea dredging, arid the Lookout is on the way. Wood's HoU 

 is one of the best points on the north Atlantic coast for col- 

 lecting specimens, it being the northern limit of the southern, 

 and the southern limit of the northern marine fauna. The 

 Commission have made it, headquarters before, and now return 

 to it. Prof. Baird and staff have just arrived there. Prof. 

 Goode will be detained in Washington hy his work on the 

 fishery census all summer. 



Salmon in New Hampshire.— We are having like the Ca- 

 nadians, not a large run of salmon up the Merrimac, but a 

 run of very large salmon. One was brought down the river 

 Saturday which had been killed by some accident, and was 

 found in one of the canfis here, which measured thirty-eight 

 inches long. Mr. Powers has taken several very large ones 

 at Plymouth, and placed them in the storage pond.— S. W. 



Luminous Floats. — A Mr. Archer has patented a lumi- 

 nous float in England. It is painted with a luminous paint 

 which shines like phosphorus after dark. The top of the 

 float is a glass tube filled with the paint and the angler at 

 dusk strikes a match and holds it near the tube, which is 

 then rendered luminous for some time. 



A New Edition of "Fly-fishing in Maine Lakes, or (.'amp 

 Life in the Wilderness," by Charles W. Stevens, has been 

 published by A. Williams & Co., Boston. We noticed the 

 book some weeks ago. The present edition has a plate of 

 colored flies as a frontispiece, and all appendix of five pages. 



A Bio Nkvv Youk Trout,— Pulaski, N. Y., July 1— A 

 trout weighing three and three-quarter pounds was taken 

 with a fly yesterday by I)r. Henry W. Caldwell, from the 

 north part of Salmon River. X. 



Speaking of "Plating 'Possum," this story, told by Un- 

 cle Jerry Greening, of Pike County, Penn., to a correspon- 

 dent of the Philadelphia Times, is in order : " They 'm 'cute 

 critters, too. Oncet I shot at one clost by au' down he come. 

 I put 'im in m' game bag an' went on, when bijneby I shot 

 off t'other barrel of m' gun, when I'll be durn ef the! bird 

 d dn't jest fly out, o' m' game bag an' make off for th' woods 

 ez nice ez ye please. Ye see he hedn't been teched by a shot, 

 but knowin' I would shoot, t'other barrel o' m' gun at 'im an' 

 prob'ly get 'im, he jest plaved 'possum an' waited till I'd 

 emptied m' gun an' then off he started lickety-split, an' I 

 hope V be chawed up by b'ars ef, jest cz 1 were a-lookin' at 

 th' bird when he skipped oulcn th' baa;, thet thar bird didn't, 

 wink 'is eye at me, jest ez if t' say : ' Wall, Jerry, 1 played 

 ye fer a sucker oncet.' Ever since thet I've allers wringed 

 a woodcock's neck when I picked 'im up, ar.' I advise ye all 

 t' do th' same." 



Stt Suture. 



FISHES WHICH CAN LIVE IN BOTH SALT AND FRESH 

 WATEli. 



BI FWin VA1HFJI. 



(Head before the American Fishcnltnral Association. ] 

 TN RESPECT to the meflfciro which they inhabit fishes may he 



ided into three clas.- , 

 fishes, and a third class which can liv 

 indifferently. There is no name I'oi 

 and, if thoro is uo objection, I will i 

 clous fishes, from tho (Steels imp) 

 Oikep to inhabit. This elans im-lei 

 auadromou* fishes which [aavi the 

 spawn, and the caladroinous fishes w 

 in salt or brackish waters, as th- 

 which seem to be indifferent to tin- n 

 far as its saltuess or freshness is eoi 

 is not niadetoo suddenly, ami it is tin 

 properties of salt water arc of as mi 

 living in it as its density is, I nt it is . 

 at present to discuss. 



ForeinoBt among the fishes whicl 

 breathing and procuring food are con 

 water, aro most members of tho Bala 

 bore because thero are some which 

 observed in salt water, btit as 1 thin 



imbors of this family, which as at 



lit water fighos, fn. 



3 class, that. I can loaru, 

 >se to call them Amjildai- 

 olh or everywhere, and 

 many fishes besides tho 



which they breathe 



th. 



,..;.,, 



•aim 



, tronts, 



change 

 if the chemical 

 so to the fishes 



obable that all 

 ituted includes 

 '• whitefishos," 

 wended from a 



.s density 

 if it did" 

 rimenta i 



hich 



u;i, ■ 



of the en 

 ed. In 



>ryo, 



water thoy showed signs of uneasiness at ti 

 keep the'.r noses out iuto the air and to j 

 after which they becamo exhausted and hi 

 hour after immersion in it. This trial did 

 of six months old could not have, lived in ... 

 change had not been sudden. In a state of 

 Bnch Bndden changes and young lish making tl>< 

 from the upper waters ef a river to tho 



, iiuifi ipiinnat 



when placed iuto »oa 



t, then of a desire to 



up out of the tank, 



an to die in half an 



at prove that salmon 



i-water provided the 



there are uo 



r first voyage 



oral 



months in' tho joimioy, dropping (town gradually and hardly i 

 licing the increasing density from day to day to which thoy have 

 become accustomed. 



Tho hat of fishes which live in either salt or fresh water as given 

 by tho late Prof. Milner jb as follows : 



Salmon Salvv) sate r 



Sea-trout ,s\ fr>\macutohui 



Brook-trout ,s'. fatUmtxllH 



Wbi tefish Voregmuw k». 



Smelt Oamerus mordaa 



Four-spined sticbloback !/..*,•> quadracis 



r hog choker . , 

 rockfish .'. 



....Pomol 



'.'.'.Don 



■4<:, 



Vis 



American sole. 



Tom-cod.... 



Striped bass, 



White porch 



Silver gar, or bill fish 



Shad 



Alewife 



Tailor (shad) 



Hickory shad, or toothed herring J)n>-o.ioma mpedian 



Eel inguilla badonirmis 



Sharp-nosed sturgeon Acipmiser exyrhynchus 



Short-nosed sturgeon A . breuirostris 



Lamprey Pebromymn ami Mams 



Of these nineteen fishes Frof. Milner says : " Fight of tho flahea 

 named aro believed to enter tho rivers solely for the purposo of 

 spawning." The genus Pomolotms has been divided by Prof. 

 Goode, since Mr. Miluor wrote, into two species, it would there- 

 fore add another; 



To this list 1 can add : 



Ten-spined stickleback Fyqasteus 



Flounder Pseu&opkuroneotes 



Kilty tishes or mummies Gi/prinodoi 



Anchovy or spearing '. /-'wp-n 



Sawfish". 1-nMis 



Tho flounder I have taken in Currituck Sound, wt 

 mil was salt, tweuty vcars ago. It was in 



aidentaiH 



would occur in salt water fishes when introduced into 

 fresh water. They would then resemble ourselves on mountain 

 tops where the blood is forced by internal pressure from the nose 

 and ears, and the : ' balloon sickness " iR felt. A French investiga- 

 tor, iit, I'aul Bert; has examined tho causes of death in fishes arid 

 reptiles when changed from fresh to salt water, and is of the 

 opinion that the cause does not reside in anv poisonous quality of 

 sea-water, but is simply a phenomenon of osiuoais nrtw.n«tr.>oo;«« 

 of lluids through tho membrauos ; or. iu othe: 

 of a heavier tluid in a mombrane already filled 

 An example is citod of a frog which, when plin 

 it is claimed, loses one-third of its weight, and 

 the frog beimmcrsod iu it, the blood globules c 

 tho vessels and distribute themselves under tl 

 mal bo takeu whose skin is not so absorbed, It 

 pear in itB bronchial system. When salt water 

 di-n introduction into fresh water endosmosi6 tr. 

 about the sumo thing under a revers. d conflitt 

 fish containing a denser llnid than its new ,,„■,! 

 be removed from a tish its death will be aci 

 change of water is made, This is illustrated bv „„. 

 bear these sudden changes if uninjured, but il'a portion of its pro- 

 tecting mucous coating be removed, its skin becomes absorbent of 

 the surrounding medium and it dies. The col, which seems al 

 homo everywhere, puzzled M. Beit in a curious manner, but in the 

 end confirmed his theory. He had already experimented with 

 them in changing fresh water ones into salt water, and found that 

 they were indifferent to the change, and, wishing to continue, his 

 experiments, ho directed his assistant to introduce the fish and re- 

 port the results. To his great surprise tho eels died after being 

 three or four hours in salt water, and a long bearch failed to show 

 why it was that they lived when he placed the 

 when bis assistant did so. Finally he found tha 

 eels being so slippery his assistant had used u 

 them and rubbed off their slime, while M, I;, 1 1 I 

 tn which very little adhered. OamoBis had o< 

 iiudcd portions and the eels died. Obsorvatii. 

 sea tish into fresh water produced analogous, 

 were the seat of alterations, the same as Sloaa i 

 water fish ; and be observed that tho life of 



Is, absorption 

 :• lighter one. 



■ 

 ly one foot of 



soon to leave 

 n. Ifauani- 

 ao results ar- 

 die from sud- 

 laeo, which is 

 ic body of tho 



It thoshme 

 ted w hen the 



Idied 



mt of thu 

 handling 

 vet hands 

 n th. de- 

 trodnomg 

 the gills 



fresh 



pro- 



longed after the change by adding salt, which also tended to con- 

 firm his views. 



The shad, which passes so much of its lifo in the soa. cannot live 

 thero when first hatched. The experiments conducted by Prof 

 Milner and others, by direction of Prof. Itaird. at Noauk, "(Joun ' 



u had, 



gradual 



tenth 



1&74, while I was . .. 

 showed that tho newly hatched fish soon died under 

 addition of sea water. "My shad starred to death on I 

 day, as we reached England, and as it was impossible, a 

 iu our ignorance, to feed the fry, it was hoped that thev eonld'bo 

 trained to endure sea water and find food hi it as thev do in river 

 (rater when we transport them inland. 



Concerning the afewife in fresh water, the Watcrtow n, V. y 

 Times said, in June, 187S : "Iu tho bay at Dexter th.-v :nv h;tv- 

 ing a great run. of small lish at the present time. The, species is 

 now down thero. and they are called shad aud •herring.' Thev 

 are only caught with nets, and in such great c|iiantiltes that thev are 

 almost valueless. Thoy aro sold at twenty-live cents per barrel, 

 aud fanuorH are buying them for manure.''' '1 he Bsh proved to be 

 one Of the species of alcwifo and uot young shad, as seine pf the 

 iishenneti supposed, as proved by thi.' following letter t'tv.m In 

 Bean written to mo shortly after in replv to one in which X Sent 

 the account : 



Smithsonian I.sSTrrtmox, Washington. 



Mn. Fmko. Matheis.— Your letter aud article on a supposed shad 

 in Lake Ontario particularly attracted iny attention. The Institu- 

 tion has received specimens of the so-called shad, and also from 

 Cayuga and Seneca takes, New York, These fishes were uot shad 

 but alewives. /'...... ,!,,liu.< psei<<Joft«renSK?. The individuals from 



Lake Ontario were spent females and could uot bu disluiguiehed 

 from the average alewifo of the coast, even by their six. . Th 

 Cayuga aud Seneca Lake specimens were ymuiy females and males. 

 The ova of the. females were <|uite immature. These alewi ves dif- 

 fer from the coast alewife .17,'// in ,<ii». I have compared the last 

 with a large series from tie coast, and find no-other 



d'llTd 



Ve 





T.M 



S II. llKAN. 



It is ovidout that tho idowifo is not appreciated at. its full yalup 



J " fish of great 



■am to eat it 



levo to loso 



lot iii the 





:ni Afru 



Nicaragua and in Lagnna do Bay. near Man 

 taken in fresh water m experimented «ith i 

 that pike (£xox) are taken in the braeki-b 1 

 M;n\l-.nd. hul dilieent iii'piirv amoug lishei 

 of Long Island, where the little " inml pi 

 E. j'ascialns) is fouud in great numbers 

 going into salt water, although found in th 

 water pours in. Animals with Holt skins :u 

 changed from fresu to Bait water, frogs 

 ltreal.be by means of lungs, it follows that 

 inosis, or absorption by the skin, and prol 

 undo) would not stand the 



1 Species (.fcturirhtliy. 



1st. 



1 exibt in Laki 

 others I huvi 

 ,. 1 also heai 



among tho people residing uear its new home. 



value, doming iu enurmous schools, and w 



in its in sb. state and salt it for winter, th, 



it, It 1- not a fine lish in the epicurean soi 



pork barrel, it is a good reserve to draw upon when the butcher 



t'aile taget through I he snow drifts. 



There are many good fishes which oan safelv be trausplanted 

 from salt, water to fresh, and one object of this paper has been to 

 show that it can be done with certain species if doue. gradually 



ig the most valuable of these — '- 



:• catlishe: 



ill, although there ai 



id Artopfia rnMha 



■a.) on 



informed by Professor O. Brown Goode that sting rays 

 ( Tri/'jun antrum') aro found in Lake Harney, on the headwaters 

 of the St. Johu's River, in Florida, while the following species are 

 oftou found in the river in pure fresh water abovo Jacksonville : 



Shoepshead A fckosargtis probntotvphalus 



Sailor's choice Larjudon rhoiiiboiiks 



Tho flounder or New York tiuke Vriralu-thys dmUitus 



Triple tail l.m,i.t,.< --uriuawHsis 



Whiting Mmlo-iii: 



Yellow tail BairdMa puncta}n 



Menhaden Brevooi i tia tyramius 



Cutlass lish i'rUiiiuras ' (upturns 



Silver moon-fish Vomer aetipumis 



and perhaps twenty others, but tho abovo aro the principal 

 fishes in point of valne. 



It is interesting to note that none of these fishes enter fresh 

 waters in the northern States, aud it immediately raises the uuos- 

 tiou why they do so in Florida? Possibly it is only iu the winter 

 time, as tho large striped bass (rockfish) run up. the Hudson at 

 Instinct connected wtthhibcrnat: 

 ir for the p 



tho same season ; probably 

 as it is certainly not for food 

 would be interesting to know 

 which I have proposed tho m 

 breed in their new home; 

 exist for years in salt water, 

 their eggs would hatch 

 Eokstroi 

 thumb. 



1, species of the 

 .ii.is gobio; the 1 



.'■;/;: 



of the Baltic Arc 

 a species of Cypr 



e of sp; 



class of nshos, for 

 s, how manv would 

 ion or a shad might 

 rised to learu that 

 •eau. According to 

 ■Ihimn; the miller's 

 ,111 vulgaris, and a 

 ind in the brackish 

 pi:m sea Eichwald 



Of 1 

 s I have take 



s; the loach, 

 . birds. 1- ptile- 



tbe torn-cod and the alewife. 

 fresh water iu Yenrcnt. Ne 



Vermont Fish Cenam'ssiouori 

 tabliahed in every lake iuto w 



The smelt is 

 Hampshire 

 say that sine 



•nnug t 

 s taken 



1 to 



j their prei 



ireyelu 



iwsuud exu 

 but the run 

 imthat the 

 and a higher vaiuo. The report truly 

 they come to be established wherever 

 thein that event alonu will fully pay J 

 siuce the formation of the OornmusiOl 

 In .New i 1.1k it has been established 

 mini runneth not to the contrary, and iu the Ad; 

 call it " frosteBh," and salt it down. It is foil 

 Fulton chain of lakes and not in others, a very 

 of which will be found iu Fohest and Stki.a 

 the coming month (April), from the pen oi 

 They ore locally known as frostlish in that 1 

 Bays: ''Some time ago 1 observed in vein 

 rciativo to the finding of smelts or ' frostlish' i 

 so-called frostlish is found in several lakes 



.cbceu placed and heard 

 ople have uol feu, id out 

 able, its insieuli. •;,,,( gjjje 

 ccasional fiBheMmtti who 



Bits would cause smelt- 

 :c I he mini who did such 

 igler will get over that in 

 le smelt has other uses 

 sof the smelt : -When 



ig that theunnieiy of 



Jacks the guides 



m Mime of the 

 11 nting account 

 mm time durmg 

 . B. Ft. Wilson. 

 m. Kr. Wilson 

 inr.is mi ui.|imy 

 -h water, The 



Jon: 

 lually wmiil 



nose lakes 1 

 /hence tho [ 



Tract.' Most visitors to 

 •edat tho Bight of tho old wooden weirs or • pi. !;> t 

 1 the inlets. These lish run up the shoal inlets between 

 October, or about the period of the advent of frost— 

 icuhar title-at which time they aro taken and salted 

 ierablo numbors by the guides for home use, aud oe- 

 t to tho adjoining settlements. Tho fish is a regular 



~ -th and Eighth lakes of the Fulton chain, 

 Becm to BKek to 



and also ltac(]uotte Jjake. all deep waters 

 the deeper lakes, except in tho spawning 

 favorite dainty for the salmon trout, as 1 hav 

 the latter all through the summer, both by ire 

 iug. which, ou opening, almost iuvarial.lv'eonl 

 of' frostlish. Early in 1862 a party Of us cai 

 Fourth Lake and set buoys for salmon trout, 

 '.ommenced to run, aud we had uo bait, 



nold's for a 

 the inlet 



cecds' com 

 speckled t 



mt well in the lake, 



ilthc 



unt, f 



abject, thev would lend to swell this paper beyond its 1 



It does not appear that if is duo to anv toxic action that somo 



fresh water fishes die in salt water, but rather a difference in tho 



density of the fliuds. jusi as we would die in a short time under 



the great pressure to which su.b-iuaruie divers are subjectsd. The 



ml. and 

 bright, white 1 



re a 



.ught 



. Tho 

 ii. 1 to 

 wfBtaL 



tllill to 



They ha 



e, aud are oTidomJy a bottom 



tisii. The guides say that the young, when luUcIu d. niunediatcly 



head for deep water, and reappear only to spawn when fully 



grown. 



" There is a physical oddity in I he topographical distribution of 



