JultH, 1881.] 



FOREST AND STREAM. 



477 



•veteran v 



Syracuse, adiau 



over long diatan 



and also that ma 



the agency of w 



hyjjiothesia, it wc 



finnv population in certain localities. I i 



tie howl of a lake in thnt section, ji « , 



mountain, swarmiug with trout and thee 



mile or two long, would have broken th 



to descend, and hia yen - heart to look 



There are two lakes near the sgntli I 



ally known as "Indian" 1 and ■• Sipia.w" 

 falls impassable for Jish, while tin Loir) 

 trout, yet mj companion trappers and gui 

 not a fish had ever been taken in the 

 ry "coteedui 



nneoied from Fourth 

 [nettehaa a long land 

 his finny denizen. A 

 B L. H. Ttedfield, of 



this fish. Eighth Lake is entirely disco 



Lake, or any others on the chain, and Baa 



barrier from anv waters known to contain t 

 th6 Northern Wilds, M 



the theory that, fish spawn are transported 

 by being entangled in the feet of wild fowl, 

 e fish arc carried over intervening land through 

 -I spouts. Without the aid of some similar 

 1 seem difficult to 



Jit- 



i?Pl'i 



ished it i 



'JIC and dug out— a. 



;usfi caught a dozen or 

 and transported them 



Is to the upper sheet, 

 KSr|pturainijulicJiOuin 



visit those shores next 



is, " What will be the nlti- 

 the ale wife?" Have they 



three days with fly-bait— f 

 possible device and oaptivation 

 was clear, the season right aud every 

 vorable, yet I couldn't circumvent the 

 its crystalline depths. To discount rny 

 so Soiwr, fontiualis from the lower Ii 

 safely into a camp pail through the 

 where I trust they have since followed 

 their new Eden. 'Eheu! that I might 

 summer and see. -E. B. WilSoh." 



Mr. N. E. Fafrbauk, of Chicago, one of the Fish Commissi, mfirs 

 of Illinois, owns a, part of Geneva Lake, just over the line iu Wis- 

 consin, and has ordered a million smelt I'liv from Mi-. 1,'icardo this 

 spring. Mr. Fail-bank has succeeded in Vompletulv laud-lnclting 

 the quinna.t salmon, an account of which can be found in B'CflWST 

 asd HMiBMtt of February 10, of this j ear ; they have not only lived 

 but have spawned. 



The introduction of a new fish requires that the people should 

 bo educated to appreciate it. Th- small size of the smelt in the 

 ease of the people living near the Verm.:.. it lakes led them to 

 neglect it for anv purpose bat bait, and there are people who are 

 accustomed to seem;,- then, eaten who think it uaeaBBSEj to r. 

 the head and the bones. This may be necessary m the case of the. 

 large Eastern smelts, which sometimes weigh half a pound, hut in 

 the delicate little New Jersey ,-molt--. thev are simply cooked with- 

 out opening and taken in the fingers by the tail and eaten, there 

 bofug no waste whatever. 



The striped bass is auother fish which, although we do not know 

 of its being perfectly acclimated in fresh water, I believe would 

 readily become so ; and in this connection permit me to quote 

 from Forest and Stream of to-day ( March 31), as follows : 



Wo saw the following in the Wntcrtown Tim'i s of March 15 : 



" Clark A Bobbins, the fish merchants of Hackc-ts Harbor, had 

 brought to their office the other day a sea bass, probably the only 

 one ever caught in the lake, or nnT. It was eaneh/. iii't'Lio m m'i 

 Bay aud weighed aix pounds. They are a very Hue iish, and it is 

 thought, by some that this is a forerunner and that there will be 

 others caught." 



Wb immediately wrote the firm named, inclosing drawings of 

 two fishes which might be meant by the term "sea bass," and re- 

 ceived the following reply : 



Sackgts Hafcrok, X. Y., March 21. 



Your favor of the 21st inst. at bund with inelosnre of slip from 

 the Watortown Times, also drawings. The lish taken here was the 

 lower one in drawing— Ji'ncrv.* lim-.nlns— or striped bass of New- 

 York. 



It is the first one ever seen by us taken from these waters, and 

 we have auidea that it found its -ray up here by following the ale- 

 wife. The specimen was very handsome and there is no doubt as 

 to its identity. The great question he: 

 mate result of the appearance here r 

 caiiBed the extermination of the ilati , 

 remain with ua, or are they to disappear as mysteriously as they 

 came, or will some of the food fishes of the salt water become 

 li.abUuas of our lake? 



These are questions we hardly dare venture an opinion on, as we 

 really can see no good that is to be enduring by the appearance of 

 the alewife in our waters. 



We should be glad to road your opinion on these questions, and 

 would bo pleased if the Department at Washington would appoint 

 a commission to investigate. The subject needs to he dealt with 

 iu a masterly manner. Clakk ,v Bobbins. 



The Ogdensburg Journal has an article on the alewife as fol- 

 lows, for wo think we are correct, in assuming that they refer to 

 this fish when they speak of menhaden, which do not go into fresh 

 waters in this latitude. It says : 



"Considerable interest will hang upon the question, ' What effect 

 did the singular mortality noticed last year have upon the ale- 

 wives or menhaden of the St. Lawrence?' The total absence 

 from the fish markets of the old-fashioned eiscoesof Lake Ontario. 

 reminds us that the species of fish have been supplanted by the 

 newcomers as certainly as the aborigines have disappeared before 

 the whites on the land. If it shall turn out that the menhaden 

 are as numerous as ever the present season the fish commissioner 

 should take some steps to investigate them aud teach the people 

 how to utilize their presence. If the presence of the saa bass 

 recently caught near Sackets Harbor comes from the following of 

 the menhaden to our waters and other species are liable to do the 

 same thing, fishermen and fish eaters may be benefited by the 

 facts. We suggest the superintendent of the Fishery Department 

 send a duly qualified deputation to the St. LawTence in Juno of 

 the present year to investigate the menhaden visitation which 

 takes place at that time." 



The people are alarmed at the new visitation, but, in my opin- 

 ion, when the;, learn that, the alewife can be. eaten and salted for 

 winter they will find that its greatly increased numbers will make 

 it a more, valuable fish than the lamented "eisco," as it breeds 

 faster, being a spring spawmor and therefore hatching quicker, as 

 well as having smaller eggs and many moro of them. 



There may be no fresh water fishes which would be of practical 

 value if introduced into salt water, but it is interesting from a 

 zoological point of view to know that some of them will live there. 

 The brook trout of Long Island mil down into the salt bays and 

 the sea and feed on shrimp, and some species of white fish are re- 

 corded by Pallas as living in the sea, .and sending off legions into 

 the streams flowing from Lake Baikal, from whence some of the 

 young return and some remain in fresh water forever ; while shad 

 have been taken in the Genessee Kivor, in western New York, and 

 in Lake Erie, at Toledo, as well ns in Lake Champla.in. It is also 

 reported that two valuable salt water fishes of Europe, the basse 

 (XaB)-f(x), and the gray mullet (Muyil), are artificially bred in pure 

 fresh water in the Lake of Acqua, near Padua, at the head of the 



Adriatic. 



_»„. 



THE BERLIN FISHERY EXHIBITION. 



BEPOfiT OF THE ITALIAN SCIENTIFIC OOHIMISSIOJ!. 



WE have received the report of the Zoological Commitsion of 

 Italy to the International Fishery Exhibition of 1880, by Prof. 

 Enrico Hillyer Giglioli.* The report treats only of the vertebrate 

 life there exhibited, which was mainly aquatic, from an entirely 

 zoological point of view, without relation to then! eci mumie value. 

 Frof. Giglioli says in his introduction that not until the 101b of 

 March did he receive his appointment to attend the Exhibition, 

 wbiah opened ten days later, to report upon the vertebrate forms 

 of aquatic life there exhibited. 



"MLnisteM Qi Agrl 



Innussrla e den Conn 



anztditta eWiosktfone 

 .-.m ipiieijillce I (coat 

 ISO. 



■OJn 



e/lo: 



licit' 



The report opens with the German department, and speaks 

 highly of the specimens preserved by Prof. Wirkersbenuer, tho 

 formula of whose celebrated fluid wb have published. Kueernmiin 

 alive and preserved iu fluids, stuffed or skeletonized by different 

 persons are noticed, together with the hybrids produced by the 

 fisbculturists, of which the Germans are so fond. Of the display 

 of his own land, under Prof. To/zetli, which we personally know- 

 was, from a zoological point of view, the best and most complete 

 in the whole exhibition, Dr. Giglioli gives only the same notice 

 bestowed on other collections, merely enumerating the , i.p , o , -.. 



In speaking of the collection of the United States he awards it 

 the first place as an exhaustive display of all things connected 

 with the fisheries aud with fish culture, aud especially mentions 

 the Natural History exhibit made by the National Museum through 

 its curator. Prof. Goode, and of the Smithsonian Institution 

 through Secretary Prof. Bsurd, under whose direction the entire 

 American exhibit was made. Mr. Blackford's live hellbender, and 



. of 



,-elatic 



i Institution 



;al« 

 to the 



i th 



:-ellent plastti 



the 



etc. 



of Natural History 

 fish, is ackuowledg 

 skeletoi 



if tho Museum, to the Museum 

 lorence, of 100 species of North American 

 mwledged. Mr. Blackford's fresh fish, the stuffed aud 

 1 fishes of Prof. Ward, of Rochester, N. Y., arospeoially 

 mentioned. Under tho head of scientific publications, geographi- 

 cal charts, photographs and designs we note the following -. Re- 

 ports of the TJ, S, Fish Commission Cram 1670 to date. The dame 



fifin.i of !_!„■ ri.oO'o 1 ,-voo.o, [-iHo'ioie.-J by 01,,-,... rf.eril. Tier's Sons, 

 New York, chrnmo lilhographa from designs by Kilbourue and 

 text by ft. Brown Goode. A coinplelo series of Forest 

 and Stke.ui a>'d Bon USD Gcx, New York, "in great part de- 

 voted to filth and fish culture." Eight bountiful charts illust.Tat.iug 

 thu distribution of fishes and the work- of the Fish Commission, 

 bvG. Brown Goode. Photographs of American fish by T. W. 

 Smillie, of tho National Museum. Fishes in water color by the 

 late Prof. Louis Agassiz, exhibited by his son Alexander. Views 

 of the Alaska seal fisheries, in water color, by H. W. Elliott, and 

 oil paintings of salmon and other fishes by the latoS.A. Kilbonrne, 

 and salmon by Walter Brackett. 



NUMBER OF EGGS IN THE COD FAMILY. 



a forthcoming report of the TInited 



py 



1 



f 



?**rr*r 



s3 



1 



1 



| 



p 



■': : :' i £:' 







U K ^ 



It tuZ%$ 



'",^" "'.'-■ T 



Length of flsh. 



k 



£,£fe 



SSBSSSsJ? 



Weight Of (Bft. 



J 



::| 



--- " - - 



y!g*«! 



Weight of ovaries. 



1 



,s : "" 





Estimated weight 

 of ovary walls. 



| 



;s; ~ o 



Eoh»i;.c»j 



r-(et weight of. eggs, 



! 



«,. 



.*„**» 



» C5 -1 Ot ST. -1 -1 



JJumber ot troj 

 grains weighed 

 out. 



I 



15 



iiififi 



•5, 



ISlfll 



Number ot eggs 

 in the portion 

 weighed out. 



J 



II 



fMrm 



mm$ 



Number 01 eggs to 

 the grain. 



1 



I 





nil 



lj||| 



Total number of 

 eggs in flsh. 





cited tl 



SALMON IN GENEVA LAKE. -Geneva Lake. Wi 

 quired great fame since Mr. N, K. Fairbauk successtull 

 with qniunat salmon, which bred there wj| hoitl. access, to Halt water. 

 Our Chicago correspondent, W. D. T., sends the following slip 

 from some local paper, and says t " Here are some of the fruits or 

 the salmon fry planted in Geneva Lake by Mi'. Fan-bank. Many 

 of these fine fish are hooked, but somehow manage to break away." 

 The Blip says: " Ed Walter caught twenty-four large black bass 

 at Powers Lake yesterday, aud a few pike. Two large California 

 salmon have been hookec! and broughtup to the boat — but escaped 

 by breaking the linos — within a few days. They are beginning to 

 b'e fished for, but too light tackle is used. Those brought up to 

 the boat would weigh from fifteeu to twenty pounds. Cue might. 

 easily be token to, only the fastidious tishermau (Bob Warren) re- 

 fused to have so handsome a fish gaffed." 



FIXTURES. 



Meptemtier i, at Pinsliurgli, Pa. Close ot entries Pennsylvania Fie! 

 trials. First. Annual Derbs. t. It. siti} ton. Seererary, nt.iVr.oo'oi 



TiutmtKc-lvliiL' lb 



Louis Kennel Club Third 

 yintendent. 

 Entries close November 



BBEEDING, PUrPING AND BEARING. 



[Kepilnted troniVero Shaw's "Book or the Dog," furnished La the 

 Fokest and Strejm oy the autlior, through His courtesy of 

 Cassell, Petver, fisipui i. no.. eubUtihei-s, i-jo. :;.y Ltioaclway, New 

 Y r orfcl 



a -want of care, or care wrongly di- 

 degeneracy of a domestic race." Thus 

 in nis "Descent of Man," aud no practical 

 ider of any sort of stock can be found to disagree With him. 

 No care and attention on the part of the owner and hia servants 

 can turn a badly-bred, ill-formed animal into a good one ; and 

 though it is impossible to bestow too much consideration on the 

 treatment of the stoLik, all eserttons on behalf of animals badly 



<• 4 TT is i urprisjng bow si 



J- rected, leads to the 



speaks Mr. Dan 



■ill be. 

 judge. Years • 

 paid not only t 

 selection of till 

 breeds full proi 

 muBt be studiec 



ule, thrt 



itijety 



l fo. 



whenthov CO 



me before th' 



ng, if due at 



r.enfitin is no 



gfh, but also 



tei the props 



It 



■i to go bevond a general outliue of the management of what 

 oe called the breeding materials. 



Irfpl to reflect upon the success which seems to attend 



the efforts of some of the most loosely-eondu. 

 and to see winner after winner turned out from a kennel where no 

 rules of breeding are for a moment studied, and where the man- 

 agement is often left by the owner in the hands of a kennel-man 

 whoso knowledge of the breed is absolutely nil. Such success in 

 the few iustaueea in which it occurs is eventually unfortunate in. 

 its results, both to the breeders of the dogs themselves and also to 

 many of the outside world, who. either to save themselves trouble, 

 or through ignorance of the simplest principles of breeding, ignor- 

 ant])' rnsb for the services of tho nearest prize-winner, utterly re- 

 gardless as to whether he is likely to "nick" with the bitch they 

 propose uniting with him, in shape, size or pedigree. The result 

 may be a temporary suoccss, but is certain ultimate destruction of 

 all type " 



Breeding 



ction, else how do we see s 



(which we can prove to ha 



varieties) keep on thrown 



rigidly 



and judicious Belec- 

 av breeds of dogs now in existence 

 g'inated from a cross of two older 

 ppies which consistently resemble 

 aud whose difference from them 

 Hit and immaterial features ? By 

 o, and resisting all temptations to- 

 ill time to fiud himself in possess- 

 ion of the sort of dog he has, rightly or wrongly, determined on 

 possessing : and then be is iu a position to discover, from the suc- 

 cess of his dogs, whether his exertions are to be repaid or not. 



We must commence, then, by impressing upon all beginners, 

 and many older hands, the desirability of adherring to one type if 

 they want to make a name for themaelvcs as amateur breeders. 

 Of eourBe, in the case of those who breed solely for the market it 

 is right that they should produce good specimens of every recog- 

 ' please buyers, w hatever then- own opin- 



bo 



. de-alci 



i the 



. ad- 



pwtaofB 6? 



P^luoei^f 

 what sort of 

 there is genei 

 less cxperie 



ngwill 

 cularly 



i are not intended to 



j competent to manage their 



si cioin-s, it is sufficient to point out the im- 



ug to one typo. By breeding to one standard. 



■ that no one should be induced to set up as a. 



| stock until ho has clearly made up his uiincj 



: be Wishes Tor. In the "case of a beginner, 

 acquaintance at hand who possesses moro or 



icih matters, and who, if he be a real lover of 



the dog, will bo glad to place his services at his young friend's dis- 

 posal. The opinions of Bucb an individual may not all be correct; 

 but if he be fairly competent and honest, lie can always be useful 

 to the beginner. It is a great assistance, too, in arriving at a cor- 

 rect opinion, if the uses for which the various breeds have been 

 brought into exiateuce are brought under' consideration. It is no 

 good breeding a dog, though be be ever so handsome-looking, if 

 he is xialpably unfit for the work he is supposed to perform if 

 called upon ; and, under a judge who knows his work, a flashy- 

 looking dog ofteu baa to lower his colorB to his more sober aud 

 workmau-liko neighbor, whose uudouhted good properties have 

 escaped the attention of the uninitiated. 



Having decided upon the tvpo which he himself desires to pro- 

 duce, a beginner should make it hi* mrt business to ascertain if 

 hia idoas in any way resemble tho orthodox standard: if so. his 

 labors are considerably diminished, as his object ii 

 bo to obtain the services of such stud dogs as I 

 admires, aud in whoso pedigree ho has satisfied biin 

 bar sinister. It is an indisputable fact that a well-bred dog is far 

 more likely to beget stock resembling himself than a good-looking 

 mongrel is. Again, in the caso of the former, oven if he fails to 

 impress his own likeness on his progeny, there is a possibility, if 

 not a fair amount of certainty, that the puppies will throw back to 

 a well-bred ancestor of more or less elegant proportions; whilst 

 with a dog whose pedigree is enveloped in mystery or something 

 worBo, there is a chance of the young oncB displaying every con- 

 ceivable type and temper. 



The subject of in-breeding is one which has exorcised the minda 

 of breeders for many a day, and affords matter for a controversy 

 waie.n seems lar 1 -urn i : ore brought to a termination. There can 

 be no sort of doubt that, if carried to too great a length, in-breed- 

 ing stunts the growth and weakens the intelligence and constitu- 

 tion of all dogs. This opinion is, we believe, unanimously re- 

 ceived by all breeders of canine stock; though, In the ease of 

 game-cocks more than one authority has it that . iucostuously-bred 

 birds are stouter, gamer and more active than birds 'whose 

 parents are unrelated to each other. Observation has proved that 

 the union of father with daughter and mother with sou is far pre- 

 ferable, where dogs are concerned, to an alliance between brother 

 and sister. Ouee in and twice out is, we believe, an excellent 

 system, if the crosses are judiciously selected, and the reasons for 

 this appear to be as follows -. A breeder has a dog belonging to a 

 lly produces good-headed ones, but apt to be 

 deficient in coat. He naturally wishes to 



leggy 



remedy these defects, and in many instances 

 dog indifferent in head, but good in bone aud 

 being most probably one fan- puppy and se- 

 rums Which inherit the faults of both' their an- 

 other hand, however, tool lie s-\ereisee! a liitle 

 his dogwith one of thesamesti-ain.t b 



abilities of the puppies bring in their turn likely 

 offspring when allied with another strain of bl 

 course of a few years, have most probably not e 

 hedesiredto obtain. Weare perfect! 

 be said to cut both ways, and that th 



tate a 



jacket; the result 



al very indifferent 



uid dam. On the 



little patience, and mated 



^strengthening the prob- 



ikely to begetgood-headed 



of blood, ho would in the 



got exactly thesortof dog 



re that this argument may 



taking a contrary v ' 



the case to our own may exclaim that the faults arc just as likely 

 to bo perpetuated as the good properties ; but wo wonld observe 

 that perpetual wandering from one blood to another must eventu- 

 ally produce specimens of uncertain type, whose services at the 

 stnd are perfectly useless from the fact that there is no fixed char- 

 acter in their breeding, and who are liable to throw puppies of 

 every conceivable shape aud make in the same fitter. Iu short, 

 n-breeding is, when judiciously carried out, absolutely essential 



to a breeder's success as a breeder, if such is to be 



Finally, before, closing our remarks upou the gen 

 breeding, we wish to warn beginners that thev are 

 tedious and very disappointing pursuit when the- 

 breeders of exhibition dogs ™ 



aiutained. 



ict of 



ict up 



The best si ealste.oiou, see oiteu 

 upset by accident or fate, and many a promising puppy falls a vic- 

 tim to the ills that puppyhood is peculiarly heir to. To havo bred 

 tl firi-t-rate dog of any breed ia indeed a thing to be proud of, 

 eon so i is considered how many scores of persons are expending 

 tiuie and money and judgment upon this very object. How few 

 mpions there are in the world is a statement which can he read 

 o few that it should be an easy mat- 

 t may be construed as implying that 

 ;ed in trying to produce what is in 

 i us there' appears to be both truth 

 nit the fact remains that champions 

 and are far more likely to be 

 paid to the mates a 



i — either there 

 ter to add to their number 

 a vast amount of labor is 

 reality a matter of chance. 

 and untruth ill each opinio 

 havo arisen, and will arisi 

 brought into existence when duo attention 

 breeder aeleetB for his dogs. 



Careful people, invariably keep regular stud books referring to 

 their breeding operations ; in these the date of birth (and if neces- 

 sary ot the purchase! color, sex, weight, breeder and perform- 

 ances of their stock, are registered. The visits of their own 

 bitches and of others to their stud dogs are also entered, as are 

 the dates of sales and the names and addresses of the purchasers. 

 By this means ready aud accurate information can he obtained eon- 



'Uing the history of any animal which may at one time or other 

 pass through their hands. 



BABIES IN TENNESSEE— Savannah. Tenn., July 6, 1381.— The 



ma el iloo ees-l eioeiit lee, b.oie" oei again, and ile.ro seems so lie 



good cause for it. On Monday last a little girl s( 



years old died, having all the symptoms of hydro 



dogs suspected of baying had any chance of bein 



dogs have been killed, tind I hope that further d' 



have not seen a rabid dog myself, aud was iuehned'to doubt that 



any had been attacked bv rabies, but think that this case, which 



certainly had all the symptoms of hydrophobia, settles the matter, 



— Wiii. 



tea 



All the 

 by rabid 



