i 



BUBONINiE. 



Ephialtes Keys, fy Bl.* 



Bill moderate, the base concealed and broad, the sides compressed, with the culmen flattened at the 

 base, and curved to the tip, which is hooked ; the lateral margins curved ; the nostrils rounded, placed 

 in the fore part of the cere, and covered by the basal plumes. Wings long, with the second, third, and 

 fourth quills nearly equal and longest. Tail short, and more or less even. Tarsi rather long, and covered 

 with short plumes to the base of the toes. Toes long, covered with small scales at the base, and with 

 three or four transverse scales at the tip ; the claws moderate, strong, and curved. 



These small owls are found in the warmer parts of both hemispheres. They frequent wooded districts, where they 

 remain concealed during the day, but towards evening they sally forth in search of their food ; which consists of the 

 smaller kinds of field mammalia and insects. The eggs are generally from four to six in number, and are deposited on 

 the bare wood in the hollow of a tree. 



1. E. scops (Linn.) PL enl. 436. — Strix zorea Cetti ; S. giu 

 Scop. ; S. carniolica Gmel. ; Scops europaeus Less. ; Sc. Aldrovandi 

 May ; Sc. senegalensis Swains. ; Sc. capensis Smith, Gould, B. of 

 Eur. pi. 48. ; Sc. pennata Hodys. ; Otus Scops japonicus Temm. 

 Sj Schl. Faun. Japon. t.Q. 



2. E. sunia (Hodgs.) As. Res. xix. 175. 



3. E. lempiji (Horsf.) Linn. Trans, xiii. 140. — Strix noctula 

 Reinw. PI. col. 99- J Scops lettia Hodys. ; Sc. javanica Less. ? Str. 

 bakhamuna Penn. ? 



4. E. semitorques (Temm. & Schl.) Faun. Japon. p. 25. t. 8. 



5. E. magicus (Temm. & Schl.) Faun. Japon. p. 25. 



6. E. mantis (Temm. & Schl.) Faun. Japon. p. 25. 



7. E. minadensis (Quoy & Gaim.) Voy. de l'Astrol. Ois. t. 2. f. 2. 



8. E. leucotis (Temm.) PL col. 16. 



9- E. asio (Linn.) Wils. Amer. Orn. pi. 24. f. 1. — Strix na:via 

 Gmel. Wils. Amer. Orn. pi. 19. f. 1., PL col. SO. ; Scops carolinensis 

 Briss. Vieill. Ois. d'Ame'r. Sept. t, 21., Audub. B. of Amer. pi. 97. 



10. E. choliba (Vieill.) Ency. Me'th. 127.9. — Strix decussata 

 Licht. ; Str. crucigera Spix, Av. Bras. t. 9-, Azara No. 48. 



11. E. atricapilla (Natt.) PI. col. 145. 



12. E. brasiliensis (Temm. & Schl.) Faun. Japon. p. 25. 



13. ? E. portoricensis Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 107. 



14. ? E. lophotes Less. Tr. d'Orn. p. 107. 



15. E. trichopsis (Wagl.) Isis, 1832. p. 



16. E. fnudipes (Vieill.) Ois. de 1'Ame'r. Sept. t. 22. — Strix 

 psilopoda Less. 



17. E. cristata (Daud.) Le Vaill. Ois. d'Afr. t. 48. — Type of 

 Lophostrix Less. (1831). 



Ketupa Less.\ 



Bill large, broad at the base, compressed towards the tip, which is hooked, the lateral margins slightly 

 arched: the nostrils lateral, placed in the anterior part of the cere, and hidden by the projecting plumes. 

 Wings moderate, with the third and fourth quills equal and longest. Tail short, and nearly even at the 

 end. Tarsi rather long, covered at the base with down, and towards the tips with minute scales. Toes 

 moderate, strong, covered with small scales, except at the tips, which are furnished with three or four 

 transverse scales, the lateral toes unequal ; the claws long, strong, and curved. 



These birds inhabit the mountainous and wooded districts of the continent and archipelago of India. They prefer 

 the open country when in quest of food. Mr. Hodgson remarks that they fly well by day, are constantly found on the 

 banks of rivers, and that their food consists of fish and crabs. 



1. K. ceylonensis (Gmel.) Brown's 111. pi. 4. — Strix Lesche- 2. K. javanensis Less. — Strix ketupa Horsf.; Str. ceylonensis 



naultii Temm. PL col. 20. ; Str. Hardwickii Gray, 111. Ind. Zool. pi. Temm. PL col. 74. 

 31. ; Cultrunguis nigripes Hodgs. 3. K.flavipes (Hodgs.) Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1836. 364. 



* Established by Count Keyserling and Dr. Blasius in 1 840 ( Wirbelthiere Europas) in the place of Scops, which Savigny proposed in 

 1809, as that word had been previously employed by Moehring in 1752. 



+ Established by M. Lesson {Traite d'Ornith. p. 114.) in 1831. Mr. Hodgson, in 1836, proposed Cultrunguis for the same set of birds. 



September, 1845. 



