

Order II. PASSERES. 



Tribe III. Dentirostres. 



Family I. LuscmiDiE. 



The third Subfamily, 



ERYTHACIN^E, or Robins, 



have the Bill moderate, more or less slender, and rather depressed at the base, with the cuhnen slightly 

 curved, and the sides gradually compressed to the tip, which is entire ; the lateral margins straight, and 

 sometimes inflexed, the gape more or less furnished with bristles ; the Wings generally short and 

 rounded, though sometimes long and pointed ; the Tail usually short and broad, sometimes even or 

 rounded at the end ; the Tarsi lengthened, slender, and covered with an entire scale ; the Toes moderate, 

 the lateral ones unequal, and the claws moderate, curved, and acute. 



Copsychus Wagl.* 



Bill moderate, much compressed on the sides, with the culmen curved to the tip, which is 

 emarginated, the lateral margins nearly straight and inflexed ; the gape broad, and furnished with short 

 bristles ; the gonys moderate, and slightly advancing upwards ; the nostrils basal, lateral, sunk in a 

 slight groove, with a longitudinal or rounded opening. Wings moderate, with the first four quills 

 graduated, and the fifth the longest. Tail more or less lengthened and graduated, or slightly rounded. 

 Tarsi longer than the middle toe, and covered in front with a lengthened scale. Toes long, slender, the 

 lateral ones nearly equal, and the hind toe long and rather strong ; the claws long, compressed, curved, 

 and acute. 



These birds are found in India and Africa. They are generally seen solitary, in jungles, gardens, and avenues, 

 frequenting the thickest trees and bushes, on which they perch until attracted to the ground by an insect, when they 

 descend to the ground, and hop a few steps, jerking their tails, especially when they succeed in securing a grasshopper 

 or other soft insect. Then they fly again to the same perch, elevating and depressing their tails on reseating 

 themselves, and uttering a series of pleasing notes, more especially towards evening. Some species are held in great 

 estimation for the beauty of their song. If alarmed, they fly before the intruder from tree to tree, at a low elevation. 



1. C. saularis (Linn.) Edwards's Birds, pi. 181. — ■ Turdus 

 mindanensis Gmel. PI. enl. 627. f. 1. ; T. oemanus Horsf. ; Lanius 

 musicus Raffl. ; L. shalaris Vieili. ; Gryllivora raagnirostra, G. in- 

 termedia, et G. brevirostris Swains. 



2. C. macrourus (Gmel.) Wagl. Lath. Syn. iii. pi. 39., Le Vaill. 

 Ois. d'Afr. t. 114., Kittl. Kupf. Vog. t. 11. f. 1. — Turdus tricolor 

 Vieili.; Gryllivora longicauda Swains.; Type of Kittacincla Gould 

 (1836). 



3. C. suratensis (Gmel.). 



4. C. ? atricollis (Vieili.) Le Vaill. Ois. d'Afr. t. 113. 



5. C. ? melanicterus (Vieili.) Le Vaill. Ois. d'Afr. t. 117. 

 Turdus Australasia Shaw, Nat. Misc. pi. 1013. 



6. C. roseus (Swains.) Two Cent, and a Quart, p. 342. 



7. C. melanoleucus (Less.) Rev. Zool. 1840. p. 354. 



8. C. luteolus (Less.) Rev. Zool. 1840. p. 226. 



9. C. luxoniensis Kittl. Kupf. Vog. t. 1 1. f. 2. 



* Established by AVagler in 1827 (Syst. Avium). It is coequal with Gryllivora (1831) of Mr. Swainson, Cercotrichas (1831) of 

 M. Boie, Lalage (1836) of Chev. Sundevall, Kittacincla (1836) of Mr. Gould, and Dahila (1836) of Mr. Hodgson ; this latter name was 

 .changed by its author to Polypeira in 1841. 



