PARING. 





the middle toe, slender, and covered by an entire scale in front. Toes moderate, with the lateral ones 

 equal, and the outer slightly united at its base. 



This type inhabits Nepal. 



S. nipalensis Hodgs. Ind. Rev. 1838. p. 32., Journ. A. S. B. 1844. pi. p. 450. — Temnoris atrifrons et T. fulvifrons Hodgs. 



Paroides Koch.* 



Bill moderate and slender, with the culmen straight or slightly curved to the tip, which is entire and 

 acute, the sides compressed, and the gonys long and ascending ; the nostrils basal arid lateral, with the 

 opening entirely hidden by the projecting frontal plumes. Wings rather short ; with the first quill very 

 short, and the second nearly as long as the third and fourth, which are equal and longest. Tail 

 moderate and forked, or lengthened and graduated. 7am as long as the middle toe, and broadly scaled 

 in front. Toes moderate, with the lateral ones nearly equal, the outer slightly united at its base ; the 

 hind toe long and strong ; the claws long and strong, especially that of the hind toe. 



These birds reside amongst the reeds that grow on the banks of rivers, lakes, and in marshy places in various parts 

 of Europe and Africa. Their food consists of insects, and they feed occasionally on seeds of various plants and grasses. 

 The nest is intertwined amongst a tuft of reeds, and is placed above the reach of the water. 



1. P. pendulinus (Linn.) PI. enl. 618. f. 3. — Parus narbonensis 4. P. pensilis (Licht.). 



Gmel., PI. enl. 708. f. 1., Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 159. 5. P. biarmicus (Linn.) PI. enl. 618. f. 1, 2. — Parus barbatus 



2. P. capensis (Gmel.) Sonn. Voy. t. 115. Briss. ; P. russicus Gmel. Gould, B. of Eur. pi. 158.; Type of 



3. P. Smithii (Jard.) Edin. Journ. Nat. Sci. n. s. i. p. 212. pi. Panurus Koch (1816). 

 5, 111. Orn. pi. 113. f. 1. 



Certhiparus Lafr.\ 



Bill moderate, with the culmen curved and the sides compressed to the tip, which is entire, and the 

 gonys long and slightly ascending ; the nostrils lateral, placed in a groove with the opening lunate, and 

 partly concealed by the projecting frontal plumes. Wings moderate and rounded, with the fifth quill 

 the longest. Tail long and rounded. Tarsi much longer than the middle toe, and broadly scutellated 

 in front. Toes long, with the lateral ones equal ; the hind toe long and strong, the claws moderate, 

 slightly curved, and acute. 



All the species that compose this genus inhabit the Islands of New Zealand. Their habits and manners have not 

 been noticed, except that they feed on insects. 



* Koch established this name in 1816 (Syst. der Baier. Zool.), with which JEgithalus of Vigors (1825) and Pendulinus of M. Brehm 

 (1828) are synonymous. It embraces Panurus of Koch (1816), with which CalamopMlus of Leach (1816) and Mystacinus of M. Boie 

 (1822) are coequal. 



t The Baron de Lafresnaye established this genus in 1842 (Rev. Zool. 1842). 



