MOTACILLINjE. 



with the opening covered by a membranous scale. Wings moderate and rounded, with the fourth and 

 fifth quills equal and longest. Tail long and deeply forked, or short and even. Tarsi longer than the 

 middle toe, rather slender, and covered in front with slightly divided scales. Toes rather long and 

 slender ; with the outer toe longer than the inner, and slightly united at its base ; the hind toe long, and 

 armed with a long, curved, acute claw. 



The species that compose this genus are found in the mountains of the continent of India and its archipelago. 

 Dr. Horsfield says of the Javanese species, " that it abounds in the small streams descending rapidly from the hills 

 and shaded by luxuriant shrubs. In the beds of these rivulets, particularly where they abound with rocks and gravel, 

 it is seen running along with alacrity, moving its tail incessantly, and picking up worms and insects." 



1. E. Leschenavltii (Vieill.) G. R. Gray, N. Diet. d'Hist. Nat. 

 xx. p. 269., Gal. des Ois. t. 145. — Motacilla speciosa Horsf. ; 

 -Enicurus coronatus Temrn. PI. col. 113. 



2. E. maculatus Vigors, Proc. Z. S. 18S0. p. Q., Gould, Cent, of 

 B. pi. 27. — Enicurus fuliginosus Hodgs. 



3. E. immaculatus Hodgs. As. Res. xix. p. 190. 



4. E. schistaceus Hodgs. As. Res. xix. p. 189. 



5. E. rvficapUlus Temm. PI. enl. 534. 



6. E. diadematus Mull. Tydsch. 1835. p. 346. 



7. E. velatus Temm. PI. col. 160. 



8. E. Scouleri Vigors, Proc. Z. S. 1831. p. 174., Gould, Cent. 

 of B. pi. 28. 



Grallina Vieill.* 



Bill moderate, straight, and slender, with the culmen slightly curved, and the sides compressed to the 

 tip, which is emarginated, the gonys long and slightly ascending ; the nostrils lateral, with the opening 

 rounded and exposed. Wings long and rounded, with the third to the fifth quills equal and longest. 

 Tail moderate, and nearly even. Tarsi much longer than the middle toe, strong, and covered in front 

 with broad scales. Toes rather short, and strong ; with the lateral ones nearly equal, the outer united at 

 its base ; the hind toe long, strong, and armed with a moderate, strong, and curved claw. 



The type of this genus is found in Australia, where it frequents the sides of the creeks and flats, and rivulets of the 

 interior. Accordino- to Mr. Gould this bird is very tame and graceful in its actions, and is often observed about the 

 settlers' houses. It is migratory, and, when about to remove to a fresh locality, congregates in large flocks, which, 

 having reached a temporary resting-place, scatter themselves in small groups around the country, searching for their 

 food, which consists solely of insects in their various states. The flight is performed with a heavy flapping of the 

 wings, though it passes through the air noiselessly, and generally in a straight line. The note uttered by this bird 

 consists of a peculiarly shrill whining whistle, often repeated. The nest is composed of soft mud, sometimes mixed 

 with dried grass, in the form of a cup : and is usually placed on some bare, exposed, horizontal branch. The eggs are 

 two to four in number. 



G. cyanoleuca (Lath.) G. R. Gray, Lamb. Icon. ined. ii. 20. 

 ne\U. Gal. des Ois. t. 150., Gould, B. of Austr. pi. 



- Gracula picata Lath. ; Tanypus australis Oppel ; Grallina melanoleuca 



* Vieillot established this genus in 1816 (Analyse, &c. p. 42.). Tanypus of M. Oppel (181 1 ) was the original name of this genus, but, 

 as that word was previously employed, the above name is adopted. 



